Araştırma Makalesi
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Roma Mozaik Sanatında Gastronomi Öğelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 15 - 31, 31.07.2023

Öz

Avrupa'dan Afrika'ya ve oradan Asya'ya kadar olan geniş bir coğrafyada yaklaşık bin yıl ve üç kıtayı etkilemiş olan Roma sanatı; resim, mermer, mozaik, gümüş ve bronz eserler, toprak kaplar da dâhil birçok gastronomi öğesini barındırmaktadır. Roma sanatının en önemlilerinden biri olan Mozaik Sanatı dış mekânlarda, binaların iç mekân duvarlarında ve zeminlerinde icra edilmiş olup şaheser sayılabilecek kadar zengin nitelikte eserlerdir. Mozaik sanatçıları ise geleneksel olan Roma stilini geliştirerek sanatçılıklarını ustalıkla göstermişlerdir. Çalışmada Roma Dönemi mozaiklerinin gastronomi öğeleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma deseni olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan doküman incelemesi ve göstergebilim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi sonucu gastronomi öğesi içeren toplam on beş mozaik kompozisyonuna ulaşılmış olup göstergebilim yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Özellikle mozaiklerde; sebzelerin, meyvelerin, av hayvanların, büyük ve küçükbaş hayvanlar ile deniz ürünlerinin gastronomi öğeleri olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Av sahneleri ve sempozyum sahnelerinden kültür, sosyalleşme, yeme-içme alışkanlıkları ve yemek konusunda pek çok bilgiyi içermektedir. Ayrıca Roma dönemi sanat ve gastronomi ilişkisi açısından Asarotos oikos mozaiğinin önemli bir eser olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Roma mozaik sanatı Roma yaşamı hakkında pek çok bilgiyi barındırmasının yanında gastronomisi hakkında da eşsiz bir bilgi kaynağıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Alshaieb, M. M. (2021). The Roman mosaics of triclinia in Antioch. 12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Bologna.
  • Apicius, C. (1991). De re coquinaria. çev. Van der Auwera, N., Meskens, A., & Vinidarius, V. Reclam.
  • Ball, D. (1984). A bear hunt mosaic. The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, 12, 123-134.
  • Becerril, A. V. (2021). Culinary Aspects of Ancient Rome: Ars Cibaria. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Caetano, M. T., Mourão, C., & António, J. (2011). A" Portrait" of Book XII of the Æneid: the Mosaic of the «House of the Medusa»(Alter do Chão, Portugal). In Book of the XIth International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics–AIEMA-Turkey (pp. 205-224).
  • Doğan, M., & Yaşlıca, Z. S. (2022). Evaluation of gastronomic objects in Renaissance painting. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 30, 100606.
  • Doğan, M., (2021). Gıda Felsefesi , Nobel Akademik Yayınları, Ankara., Ed: Doğan M. ISBN: 978-625-439-576-5
  • Dunbabin, K. M. (1991). Triclinium and stibadium. Dining in a classical context, 121-48.
  • Ermolaeva, E. (2015). Ancient Greek Parody “Convivium Atticum” and Mosaics in the Style “Asarotos oikos”(“unswept room/floor”).
  • Fathy, E. (2017). The asàrotos òikos mosaic as an elite status symbol. POTESTAS. Estudios del Mundo Clásico e Historia del Arte, (10), 5-30.
  • Gardner, G. (2016). Charity in Ancient Judaism: Problems and Prospects. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.ancientjewreview.com/ read/2016/9/8/charity-in-ancient-judaism-problems-and-prospects adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Gillis, F. (2020). Ancient Foodies: Modern Misconceptions, Alternative Uses, and Recipes for Food in Ancient Rome.
  • Gorzalczany, A., & Rosen, B. (2019). The Marine Scene in the Lod Mosaics. Journal of Mosaic Research, (12), 47-62.
  • Grainger, S. (2020). The story of garum: fermented fish sauce and salted fish in the ancient world. Routledge.
  • Grant, M. (2015). Roman cookery: ancient recipes for modern kitchens. Serif.
  • Gürsoy, D. (2014). Deniz Gürsoy’un gastronomi tarihi. İstanbul: Oğlak Yayıncılık.
  • Iacob, A. (2022). Food and Culinary Customs in Ancient Rome. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.thecollector.com/food-in-ancient-rome/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Imperium Romanum, (2023). Roman mosaic with Symposium scene. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/curiosities/ roman-mosaic-with-symposium-scene/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ismoiljonovna, P. D. (2022). Issues of Improving the Use of Applied Decorative Arts. The Peerian Journal, 7, 74-77.
  • Kiral, B. (2020). Nitel bir veri analizi yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 170-189.
  • Koerich, G. H., & Müller, S. G. (2022). Gastronomy knowledge in the socio-cultural context of transformations. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 100581.
  • Kondoleon, C. (2018). Domestic and divine. In Domestic and Divine. Cornell University Press.
  • Lepinski, S., & Rousseau, V. (2022). Iconography and Imagery between Rome and the Provinces. In The Oxford Handbook of Roman Imagery and Iconography (p. 222). Oxford University Press.
  • Ling, R. (2001). Roman mosaics: A success story of classical archaeology.
  • Longfellow, B., & Perry, E. (Eds.). (2018). Roman Artists, Patrons, and Public Consumption: Familiar Works Reconsidered. University of Michigan Press.
  • Mallon, K. (2021). Taskscapes, Landscapes, and the Politics of Agricultural Production in Roman Mosaics. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, 4(1).
  • Martialis, M. V. (1995). Epigrams v. Aris and Phillips Classical Te.
  • Martin, S. R. (2017). Craft identity: mosaics in the Hellenistic East. Artists and Artistic Production in Ancient Greece, 55-80.
  • Montebugnoli, A. (2020). Yan Thomas, Jacques Chiffoleau, L’istituzione della natura. Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 9(17).
  • Museo Gregoriano Profano, (2023). Mosaico del asàrotos òikos. 23.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/ es/collezioni/musei/museo-gregoriano-profano/Mosaico-dell-asarotos-oikos.html adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Nesterov, A. Y. (2021). Semiotics as methodology and ontology. Semiotic studies, 1(1), 6-13.
  • Nişanyan Sözlük, (2023). Sempozyum. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/sempozyum adresinden alınmıştır.
  • O’Connell, S. D. (2018). Visual evidence: picturing food and food culture in roman art. In The Routledge Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Roman World (pp. 26-35). Routledge.
  • Oktay, S. (2019). Study on gastronomic cultures of post-Neolithic civilizations in Anatolia. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 17(5), 465-480.
  • Pauzan, A. A. (2018). A Semiotics Analysis of the John Wick I Film Using Charles Sanders Peirce's Semiotics Theory (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar).
  • Raposo, A., & da Silva Freitas, O. M. (2020). Memories of the Roman food heritage: a reflection. Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social. 8 (3), 1107-1113.
  • Riggsby, A. M. (2019). Mosaics of Knowledge: Representing Information in the Roman World. Classical Culture and Society.
  • Ruder, S. (2019). Neural transfer learning for natural language processing (Doctoral dissertation, NUI Galway).
  • Semetsky, I. (2019). Visual semiotics and real events: Exploring the bricolage of images. Video Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(2), 90-110.
  • Sileyew, K. J. (2019). Research design and methodology (pp. 1-12). Rijeka: IntechOpen.
  • Sonia Halliday Photo Library (2010). Fishing scene. 12.03.2023 http://www.soniahalliday.com/category-view3.php?pri=T6-16MW.jpg adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Soth, A. (2019). Why Elite Romans Decorated Their Floors with Garbage. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ what-is-in-profane-museum-vatican adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Stambaugh, J. E. (1988). The ancient Roman city. JHU Press.
  • TDK, (2023). Türk Dili Kurumu Sözlükleri. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Tuck, S. L. (2021). A history of Roman art. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Webster, J. C. (1938). The labors of the months in antique and mediaeval art to the end of the Twelfth century (No. 4). Northwestern University.
  • WHE, (2023b). Fruit, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2617/fruit-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023c). Mushrooms, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4463/mushrooms-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023d). Wild Boar, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2615/wild-boar-roman-mosaic/
  • WHE, (2023e). Roman Fish Mosaic, Tarraco. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/6102/roman-fish-mosaic-tarraco/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023f). Fish, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1279/fish-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023g). Roman Fish Mosaic, Como. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4624/roman-fish-mosaic-como/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023h). Roman Mosaic of an Aethiopian Fisherman. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7963/roman-mosaic-of-an-aethiopian-fisherman/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (The World History Encyclopedia) (2023a). Asparagus, Roman Mosaic. 05.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/ image/2616/asparagus-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Witts, P. (2021). Drawings of Roman Mosaics in the Topham Collection, Eton College Library. BAR Publishing.
  • Yang, G. (2021). Inheritance and development of national elements in contemporary Chinese, American and Russian oil paintings. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S2), 1-15.
  • Yuval-Hacham, N. (2019, December). Art and Identity in Late Antique Synagogues of the Roman-Byzantine Diaspora. In Arts (Vol. 8, No. 4, p. 164). MDPI.

Evaluation of Gastronomy Items in Roman Mosaic Art

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 15 - 31, 31.07.2023

Öz

The Roman art, which has affected three continents for about a thousand years in a wide geography from Europe to Africa and from there to Asia, contains many gastronomic items, including paintings, marble, mosaics, silver and bronze works, and earthenware. Mosaic art, one of the most important Roman arts, was performed outdoors, on the interior walls and floors of buildings. Mosaic artists, on the other hand, developed the traditional Roman style and created works of such rich quality that they can be considered masterpieces. This study is aimed at evaluating the Roman Period mosaics in terms of gastronomic elements. As part of the research design, document analysis, and semiotics methods from qualitative research was used. As a result of the document review, a total of fifteen mosaic compositions containing gastronomy elements were reached and analyzed with the semiotics method. In particular, it was determined that vegetables, fruits, game animals (large and small cattle), and seafood were used as gastronomic items in the mosaics. It contains a lot of information about culture, socialization, eating and drinking habits, and food from hunting scenes and symposium scenes. In addition, it has been determined that the Asarotos oikos mosaic is an important work in terms of the relationship between art and gastronomy in the Roman period. Overall, Roman mosaic art contains a lot of information about Roman life as well as being a unique source of information about gastronomy.

Kaynakça

  • Alshaieb, M. M. (2021). The Roman mosaics of triclinia in Antioch. 12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Bologna.
  • Apicius, C. (1991). De re coquinaria. çev. Van der Auwera, N., Meskens, A., & Vinidarius, V. Reclam.
  • Ball, D. (1984). A bear hunt mosaic. The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, 12, 123-134.
  • Becerril, A. V. (2021). Culinary Aspects of Ancient Rome: Ars Cibaria. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Caetano, M. T., Mourão, C., & António, J. (2011). A" Portrait" of Book XII of the Æneid: the Mosaic of the «House of the Medusa»(Alter do Chão, Portugal). In Book of the XIth International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics–AIEMA-Turkey (pp. 205-224).
  • Doğan, M., & Yaşlıca, Z. S. (2022). Evaluation of gastronomic objects in Renaissance painting. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 30, 100606.
  • Doğan, M., (2021). Gıda Felsefesi , Nobel Akademik Yayınları, Ankara., Ed: Doğan M. ISBN: 978-625-439-576-5
  • Dunbabin, K. M. (1991). Triclinium and stibadium. Dining in a classical context, 121-48.
  • Ermolaeva, E. (2015). Ancient Greek Parody “Convivium Atticum” and Mosaics in the Style “Asarotos oikos”(“unswept room/floor”).
  • Fathy, E. (2017). The asàrotos òikos mosaic as an elite status symbol. POTESTAS. Estudios del Mundo Clásico e Historia del Arte, (10), 5-30.
  • Gardner, G. (2016). Charity in Ancient Judaism: Problems and Prospects. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.ancientjewreview.com/ read/2016/9/8/charity-in-ancient-judaism-problems-and-prospects adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Gillis, F. (2020). Ancient Foodies: Modern Misconceptions, Alternative Uses, and Recipes for Food in Ancient Rome.
  • Gorzalczany, A., & Rosen, B. (2019). The Marine Scene in the Lod Mosaics. Journal of Mosaic Research, (12), 47-62.
  • Grainger, S. (2020). The story of garum: fermented fish sauce and salted fish in the ancient world. Routledge.
  • Grant, M. (2015). Roman cookery: ancient recipes for modern kitchens. Serif.
  • Gürsoy, D. (2014). Deniz Gürsoy’un gastronomi tarihi. İstanbul: Oğlak Yayıncılık.
  • Iacob, A. (2022). Food and Culinary Customs in Ancient Rome. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.thecollector.com/food-in-ancient-rome/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Imperium Romanum, (2023). Roman mosaic with Symposium scene. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://imperiumromanum.pl/en/curiosities/ roman-mosaic-with-symposium-scene/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ismoiljonovna, P. D. (2022). Issues of Improving the Use of Applied Decorative Arts. The Peerian Journal, 7, 74-77.
  • Kiral, B. (2020). Nitel bir veri analizi yöntemi olarak doküman analizi. Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(15), 170-189.
  • Koerich, G. H., & Müller, S. G. (2022). Gastronomy knowledge in the socio-cultural context of transformations. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 100581.
  • Kondoleon, C. (2018). Domestic and divine. In Domestic and Divine. Cornell University Press.
  • Lepinski, S., & Rousseau, V. (2022). Iconography and Imagery between Rome and the Provinces. In The Oxford Handbook of Roman Imagery and Iconography (p. 222). Oxford University Press.
  • Ling, R. (2001). Roman mosaics: A success story of classical archaeology.
  • Longfellow, B., & Perry, E. (Eds.). (2018). Roman Artists, Patrons, and Public Consumption: Familiar Works Reconsidered. University of Michigan Press.
  • Mallon, K. (2021). Taskscapes, Landscapes, and the Politics of Agricultural Production in Roman Mosaics. Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, 4(1).
  • Martialis, M. V. (1995). Epigrams v. Aris and Phillips Classical Te.
  • Martin, S. R. (2017). Craft identity: mosaics in the Hellenistic East. Artists and Artistic Production in Ancient Greece, 55-80.
  • Montebugnoli, A. (2020). Yan Thomas, Jacques Chiffoleau, L’istituzione della natura. Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, 9(17).
  • Museo Gregoriano Profano, (2023). Mosaico del asàrotos òikos. 23.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/ es/collezioni/musei/museo-gregoriano-profano/Mosaico-dell-asarotos-oikos.html adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Nesterov, A. Y. (2021). Semiotics as methodology and ontology. Semiotic studies, 1(1), 6-13.
  • Nişanyan Sözlük, (2023). Sempozyum. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/kelime/sempozyum adresinden alınmıştır.
  • O’Connell, S. D. (2018). Visual evidence: picturing food and food culture in roman art. In The Routledge Handbook of Diet and Nutrition in the Roman World (pp. 26-35). Routledge.
  • Oktay, S. (2019). Study on gastronomic cultures of post-Neolithic civilizations in Anatolia. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 17(5), 465-480.
  • Pauzan, A. A. (2018). A Semiotics Analysis of the John Wick I Film Using Charles Sanders Peirce's Semiotics Theory (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar).
  • Raposo, A., & da Silva Freitas, O. M. (2020). Memories of the Roman food heritage: a reflection. Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social. 8 (3), 1107-1113.
  • Riggsby, A. M. (2019). Mosaics of Knowledge: Representing Information in the Roman World. Classical Culture and Society.
  • Ruder, S. (2019). Neural transfer learning for natural language processing (Doctoral dissertation, NUI Galway).
  • Semetsky, I. (2019). Visual semiotics and real events: Exploring the bricolage of images. Video Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(2), 90-110.
  • Sileyew, K. J. (2019). Research design and methodology (pp. 1-12). Rijeka: IntechOpen.
  • Sonia Halliday Photo Library (2010). Fishing scene. 12.03.2023 http://www.soniahalliday.com/category-view3.php?pri=T6-16MW.jpg adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Soth, A. (2019). Why Elite Romans Decorated Their Floors with Garbage. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ what-is-in-profane-museum-vatican adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Stambaugh, J. E. (1988). The ancient Roman city. JHU Press.
  • TDK, (2023). Türk Dili Kurumu Sözlükleri. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Tuck, S. L. (2021). A history of Roman art. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Webster, J. C. (1938). The labors of the months in antique and mediaeval art to the end of the Twelfth century (No. 4). Northwestern University.
  • WHE, (2023b). Fruit, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2617/fruit-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023c). Mushrooms, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4463/mushrooms-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023d). Wild Boar, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2615/wild-boar-roman-mosaic/
  • WHE, (2023e). Roman Fish Mosaic, Tarraco. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/6102/roman-fish-mosaic-tarraco/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023f). Fish, Roman Mosaic. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1279/fish-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023g). Roman Fish Mosaic, Como. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4624/roman-fish-mosaic-como/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (2023h). Roman Mosaic of an Aethiopian Fisherman. 12.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/image/7963/roman-mosaic-of-an-aethiopian-fisherman/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • WHE, (The World History Encyclopedia) (2023a). Asparagus, Roman Mosaic. 05.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.worldhistory.org/ image/2616/asparagus-roman-mosaic/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Witts, P. (2021). Drawings of Roman Mosaics in the Topham Collection, Eton College Library. BAR Publishing.
  • Yang, G. (2021). Inheritance and development of national elements in contemporary Chinese, American and Russian oil paintings. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S2), 1-15.
  • Yuval-Hacham, N. (2019, December). Art and Identity in Late Antique Synagogues of the Roman-Byzantine Diaspora. In Arts (Vol. 8, No. 4, p. 164). MDPI.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Doğan 0000-0001-6391-4887

Ece Nur İkibudak 0000-0003-1768-4990

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, M., & İkibudak, E. N. (2023). Roma Mozaik Sanatında Gastronomi Öğelerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Eurasia Tourism Research, 4(1), 15-31.

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