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Effect of Supportive Midwifery Care in Primiparous on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Fear of Childbirth in Labour

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 8, 1 - 8, 29.04.2024

Zeynep Bal Tuba Uçar

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475115

Öz

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effect of supportive midwifery care in primiparous on posttraumatic stress disorder and fear of childbirth in labour.
Methods: The study was conducted in the delivery room of a maternity hospital in eastern Turkey. The data were collected between January and November 2018. This study is a quasi-experimental study, in which pregnant women were sampled from the relevant population using the non-probability random sampling method. The sample consisted of 164 women, including 82 in the experimental group and 82 in the control group. The women in both groups were asked to complete a personal information form and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) Version A. Those in the experimental group received midwifery support during labour. The women in both groups were then given the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised 6–8 hours after childbirth.
Results: The mean prenatal W-DEQ version A score was 47.15±19.68 in the experimental group and 63.23±23.10 in the control group. There was a significant difference in mean scores between the groups (p<0.001). The experimental group had a mean postpartum W-DEQ B version score of 37.20±23.50, whereas and the control group had 62.38±27.04 indicating a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). The experimental group had a mean score of 12.09±12.67 on the postpartum event scale, while the control group had a mean score of 18.30±11.96 the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Supportive midwifery care during delivery found to lower anxiety of childbirth and the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fear of childbirth Post-traumatic stress disorder Midwifery Midwifery support

Kaynakça

  • Alehagen, S., Wijma, B. And Wijma, K. (2006). Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth. Acta Obst. Gyn. Scand, 85(1), 56-62.
  • Alizadeh-Dibazari, Z., Abdolalipour, S. and Mirghafourvand, M. (2023). The effect of prenatal education on fear of childbirth, pain intensity during labour and childbirth experience: a scoping review using systematic approach and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 541. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05867-0
  • Andaroon, N., Kordi, M., Ghasemi, M. and Mazlom, R. (2020). The validity and reliability of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (Version a) in primiparous women in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 45(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.30476/IJMS.2019.45326
  • Ayers, S., Bond, R., Bertullies, S. and Wijma, K. (2016). The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychological Medicine, 46(6), 1121-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002706
  • Çankaya, S. and Can, R. (2021). The effect of continuous supportive care on birth pain, birth fear, midwifery care perception, oxytocin use, and delivery time during the intrapartum period: An experimental study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(11), 1624. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_147_20
  • Çapik, A. and Durmaz, H. (2018). Fear of childbirth, postpartum depression, and birth‐related variables as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 15(6), 455-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12326
  • Çorapçıoğlu, A., Yargıç, I., Geyran, P. And Kocabaşoğlu, N. (2006). The validity and reliability of Turkish version of “Impact of Event Scale-Revised” (IES-R). New Symposium Journal, 44(1), 14–22.
  • Dikmen-Yildiz, P., Ayers, S. and Phillips, L. (2018). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after birth and associated risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229, 377-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.074
  • Dencker, A., Nilsson, C., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Wigert, H., Hessman E., Sjöblom, H. and Sparud-Lundin C. (2019). Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. Women and Birth, 32(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
  • Firouzbakht, M., Nikpour, M., Khefri, S., Jamali, B., Kazeminavaee, F., Didehdar, M. (2015). The effectiveness of prenatal intervention on pain and anxiety during the process of childbirth Northern Iran: clinical trial study. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 5(5), 348-352.
  • Geissbuehler, V. and Eberhard, J. (2002). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy: a study of more than 8000 pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol, 23(4), 229–35. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674820209074677
  • Gökçe İsbir, G., İnci, F., Önal, H. and Dikmen Yıldız, P. (2016). The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Applied Nursing Research, 32, 227–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2016.07.013
  • Hildingsson, I. and Rubertsson, C. (2021). Testing the birth attitude profile scale in a Swedish sample of women with fear of birth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 42(2), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1729118
  • Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., Karlström, A. and Haines, H. (2018). Caseload midwifery for women with fear of birth is a feasible option. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 16, 50-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.006
  • Karabulut, Ö., Coşkuner Potur, D., Doğan Merih, Y., Cebeci Mutlu, S. and Demirci, N. (2016). Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth?. International Nursing Review, 63(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12223
  • Karaçam, Z. and Akyüz, E.Ö. (2011). Supportive Care in Labor and The Rol of Midwife / Nurse. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 19(1), 45-53.
  • Korukcu, O., Kukulu, K. and Firat, M.Z. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs,19(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01694.x
  • Larsson, B., Hildingsson, I., Ternström, E., Rubertsson, C. and Karlström, A. (2019). Women’s experience of midwife-led counselling and its influence on childbirth fear: A qualitative study. Women and Birth, 32(1), e88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.04.008
  • Lukasse, M., Schei, B. and Ryding, E.L. (2014). Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sex Reprod Healthc, 5(3), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007
  • Lunda, P., Minnie, C.S. and Benadé, P. (2018). Women’s experiences of continuous support during childbirth: a meta-synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1755-8
  • Miller, Y.D. and Danoy-Monet, M. (2021). Reproducing fear: the effect of birth stories on nulligravid women’s birth preferences. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1-13. Ministry of Health. (2014). Pregnant information class training book. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, 955, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03944-w
  • Nieminen, K., Andersson, G., Wijma, B., Ryding, E.L. and Wijma, K. (2016). Treatment of nulliparous women with severe fear of childbirth via the Internet: a feasibility study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 37(2), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2016.1140143
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Sparud-Lundin, C., Wigert, H. and Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
  • O'Connell, M.A., Martin, C.R. and Jomeen, J. (2021). Reconsidering fear of birth: Language matters. Midwifery, 102, 103079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103079
  • Peeler, S., Stedmon, J., Chung, M.C. and Skirton, H. (2018). Women's experiences of living with postnatal PTSD. Midwifery, 56, 70–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.019
  • Perriman, N., Davis, D.L., and Ferguson, S. (2018). What women value in the midwifery continuity of care model: a systematic review with meta-synthesis. Midwifery, 62,220-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.04.011
  • Sheen, K. and Slade, P. (2018). Examining the content and moderators of women’s fears for giving birth: A metasynthesis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(13-14), 2523–2535. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14219
  • Striebich, S., Mattern, E. and Ayerle, G.M. (2018). Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia–a systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 61, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.013
  • Sydsjö, G., Blomberg, M., Palmquist, S., Angerbjörn, L., Bladh, M. and Josefsson, A. (2015). Effects of continuous midwifery labour support for women with severe fear of childbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0548-6
  • Taheri, M., Takian, A., Taghizadeh, Z., Jafari, N. and Sarafraz, N. (2018). Creating a positive perception of childbirth experience: systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal and intrapartum interventions. Reproductive Health, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0511-x
  • Thomson, G., Feeley, C., Moran, V.H., Downe, S. and Oladapo, O.T. (2019). Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0735-4
  • Toohill, J., Fenwick, J., Gamble, J. and Creedy, D.K. (2014). Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-275
  • Uçar, E. and Beji K.N. The Study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of scale B version of the Wijma deliver expectancy/experience questionnaire. Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Master's thesis, Istanbul: Haliç University 2013.
  • Uçar, T. and Golbasi, Z. (2019). Effect of an educational program based on cognitive behavioral techniques on fear of childbirth and the birth process. J Psychosom Obst Gyn, 40(2), 146–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2018.1453800
  • Van Dinter-Douma, E.E., de Vries, N.E., Aarts-Greven, M., Stramrood, C.A. and van Pampus, M.G. (2020). Screening for trauma and anxiety recognition: knowledge, management and attitudes amongst gynecologists regarding women with fear of childbirth and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(16), 2759-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1560409
  • Wigert, H., Nilsson, C., Dencker, A., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Sparud-Lundin, C., Mollberg, M. and Patel, H. (2020). Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15(1), 1704484. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B. and Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ: a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 19(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829809048501

Travayda Primiparlara Verilen Ebelik Desteğinin Doğum Sonu Posttravmatik Stres Bozukluğu ve Doğum Korkusuna Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 8, 1 - 8, 29.04.2024

Zeynep Bal Tuba Uçar

https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475115

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışma, travayda primiparlara verilen ebelik desteğinin doğum sonu posttravmatik stres bozukluğu ve doğum korkusuna etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma Türkiye'nin doğusunda bir doğum hastanesinin doğumhanesinde gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, Ocak-Kasım 2018 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Bu çalışma yarı deneysel bir çalışma olup gebeler ilgili evrenden olasılıksız rastlantısal örnekleme yöntemi ile örnekleme alındı. Örneklemi, deney grubunda 82, kontrol grubunda 82 olmak üzere 164 gebe oluşturdu. Her iki gruptaki gebelere, kişisel bilgi formu ve Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği A Versiyonu uygulandı. Deney grubuna travay boyunca ebelik desteği verildi. Her iki grupta yer alan gebelere doğumdan 6-8 saat sonra Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği B Versiyonu ve Olayların Etkisi Ölçeği uygulandı.
Bulgular: Doğum öncesi W-DEQ A versiyonu puan ortalaması deney grubunda 47.15±19.68, kontrol grubunda 63.23±23.10 olup, gruplar arasında puan ortalamaları yönünden fark bulundu (p<0.001). Doğum sonu W-DEQ B versiyonu puan ortalaması deney grubunda 37.20±23.50, kontrol grubunda 62.38±27.04 olup gruplar arasında puan ortalamaları yönünden istatistiksel olarak önemli fark olduğu belirlendi (p<0.001). Doğum sonu olayların etkisi ölçeği puan ortalaması deney grubunda 12.09±12.67, kontrol grubunda 18.30±11.96 olup puan ortalamaları yönünden istatistiksel olarak önemli fark olduğu belirlendi (p=0.001).
Sonuç: Travayda verilen ebelik desteğinin, doğum korkusunu ve posttravmatik stres bozukluğunu azalttığı belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğum korkusu Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu Ebelik Ebelik desteği

Kaynakça

  • Alehagen, S., Wijma, B. And Wijma, K. (2006). Fear of childbirth before, during, and after childbirth. Acta Obst. Gyn. Scand, 85(1), 56-62.
  • Alizadeh-Dibazari, Z., Abdolalipour, S. and Mirghafourvand, M. (2023). The effect of prenatal education on fear of childbirth, pain intensity during labour and childbirth experience: a scoping review using systematic approach and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 541. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05867-0
  • Andaroon, N., Kordi, M., Ghasemi, M. and Mazlom, R. (2020). The validity and reliability of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (Version a) in primiparous women in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 45(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.30476/IJMS.2019.45326
  • Ayers, S., Bond, R., Bertullies, S. and Wijma, K. (2016). The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychological Medicine, 46(6), 1121-34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002706
  • Çankaya, S. and Can, R. (2021). The effect of continuous supportive care on birth pain, birth fear, midwifery care perception, oxytocin use, and delivery time during the intrapartum period: An experimental study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(11), 1624. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_147_20
  • Çapik, A. and Durmaz, H. (2018). Fear of childbirth, postpartum depression, and birth‐related variables as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 15(6), 455-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12326
  • Çorapçıoğlu, A., Yargıç, I., Geyran, P. And Kocabaşoğlu, N. (2006). The validity and reliability of Turkish version of “Impact of Event Scale-Revised” (IES-R). New Symposium Journal, 44(1), 14–22.
  • Dikmen-Yildiz, P., Ayers, S. and Phillips, L. (2018). Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after birth and associated risk factors. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229, 377-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.074
  • Dencker, A., Nilsson, C., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Wigert, H., Hessman E., Sjöblom, H. and Sparud-Lundin C. (2019). Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. Women and Birth, 32(2), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
  • Firouzbakht, M., Nikpour, M., Khefri, S., Jamali, B., Kazeminavaee, F., Didehdar, M. (2015). The effectiveness of prenatal intervention on pain and anxiety during the process of childbirth Northern Iran: clinical trial study. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 5(5), 348-352.
  • Geissbuehler, V. and Eberhard, J. (2002). Fear of childbirth during pregnancy: a study of more than 8000 pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol, 23(4), 229–35. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674820209074677
  • Gökçe İsbir, G., İnci, F., Önal, H. and Dikmen Yıldız, P. (2016). The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Applied Nursing Research, 32, 227–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2016.07.013
  • Hildingsson, I. and Rubertsson, C. (2021). Testing the birth attitude profile scale in a Swedish sample of women with fear of birth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 42(2), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2020.1729118
  • Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., Karlström, A. and Haines, H. (2018). Caseload midwifery for women with fear of birth is a feasible option. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 16, 50-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.02.006
  • Karabulut, Ö., Coşkuner Potur, D., Doğan Merih, Y., Cebeci Mutlu, S. and Demirci, N. (2016). Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth?. International Nursing Review, 63(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12223
  • Karaçam, Z. and Akyüz, E.Ö. (2011). Supportive Care in Labor and The Rol of Midwife / Nurse. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 19(1), 45-53.
  • Korukcu, O., Kukulu, K. and Firat, M.Z. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) with pregnant women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs,19(3), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01694.x
  • Larsson, B., Hildingsson, I., Ternström, E., Rubertsson, C. and Karlström, A. (2019). Women’s experience of midwife-led counselling and its influence on childbirth fear: A qualitative study. Women and Birth, 32(1), e88-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.04.008
  • Lukasse, M., Schei, B. and Ryding, E.L. (2014). Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sex Reprod Healthc, 5(3), 99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007
  • Lunda, P., Minnie, C.S. and Benadé, P. (2018). Women’s experiences of continuous support during childbirth: a meta-synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1755-8
  • Miller, Y.D. and Danoy-Monet, M. (2021). Reproducing fear: the effect of birth stories on nulligravid women’s birth preferences. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 1-13. Ministry of Health. (2014). Pregnant information class training book. Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, 955, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03944-w
  • Nieminen, K., Andersson, G., Wijma, B., Ryding, E.L. and Wijma, K. (2016). Treatment of nulliparous women with severe fear of childbirth via the Internet: a feasibility study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 37(2), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2016.1140143
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Sparud-Lundin, C., Wigert, H. and Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
  • O'Connell, M.A., Martin, C.R. and Jomeen, J. (2021). Reconsidering fear of birth: Language matters. Midwifery, 102, 103079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2021.103079
  • Peeler, S., Stedmon, J., Chung, M.C. and Skirton, H. (2018). Women's experiences of living with postnatal PTSD. Midwifery, 56, 70–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.019
  • Perriman, N., Davis, D.L., and Ferguson, S. (2018). What women value in the midwifery continuity of care model: a systematic review with meta-synthesis. Midwifery, 62,220-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.04.011
  • Sheen, K. and Slade, P. (2018). Examining the content and moderators of women’s fears for giving birth: A metasynthesis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(13-14), 2523–2535. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14219
  • Striebich, S., Mattern, E. and Ayerle, G.M. (2018). Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia–a systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 61, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.013
  • Sydsjö, G., Blomberg, M., Palmquist, S., Angerbjörn, L., Bladh, M. and Josefsson, A. (2015). Effects of continuous midwifery labour support for women with severe fear of childbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0548-6
  • Taheri, M., Takian, A., Taghizadeh, Z., Jafari, N. and Sarafraz, N. (2018). Creating a positive perception of childbirth experience: systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal and intrapartum interventions. Reproductive Health, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0511-x
  • Thomson, G., Feeley, C., Moran, V.H., Downe, S. and Oladapo, O.T. (2019). Women’s experiences of pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain relief methods for labour and childbirth: a qualitative systematic review. Reproductive Health, 16(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0735-4
  • Toohill, J., Fenwick, J., Gamble, J. and Creedy, D.K. (2014). Prevalence of childbirth fear in an Australian sample of pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 14(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-275
  • Uçar, E. and Beji K.N. The Study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish form of scale B version of the Wijma deliver expectancy/experience questionnaire. Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Master's thesis, Istanbul: Haliç University 2013.
  • Uçar, T. and Golbasi, Z. (2019). Effect of an educational program based on cognitive behavioral techniques on fear of childbirth and the birth process. J Psychosom Obst Gyn, 40(2), 146–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2018.1453800
  • Van Dinter-Douma, E.E., de Vries, N.E., Aarts-Greven, M., Stramrood, C.A. and van Pampus, M.G. (2020). Screening for trauma and anxiety recognition: knowledge, management and attitudes amongst gynecologists regarding women with fear of childbirth and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(16), 2759-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2018.1560409
  • Wigert, H., Nilsson, C., Dencker, A., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Sparud-Lundin, C., Mollberg, M. and Patel, H. (2020). Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 15(1), 1704484. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
  • Wijma, K., Wijma, B. and Zar, M. (1998). Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ: a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 19(2), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829809048501
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğumun Psikososyal Yönleri ve Perinatal Ruh Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Zeynep Bal

Tuba Uçar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Bal, Z., & Uçar, T. (2024). Effect of Supportive Midwifery Care in Primiparous on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Fear of Childbirth in Labour. Artuklu Health(8), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.58252/artukluhealth.1475115
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