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Renal replasman tedavisi almayan evre 3-5 kronik böbrek hastalığı olan hastalarda vitamin D düzeyinin inflamatuvar parametreler ve proteinüri ile ilişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 100 - 107, 01.01.2024

Hakan Doğruel Feyza Bora Fettah Fevzi Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1136799

Öz

Amaç: Kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) ve proteinürisi olanlarda artmış oksidatif stres ve inflamasyonun kardiyovasküler morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Vitamin D’nin (VD) organizmada birçok rolünün olduğu son yıllarda VD reseptörünün çok sayıda dokuda gösterilmesiyle anlaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada KBH olan bireylerde VD düzeyinin, inflamatuvar parametreler ve proteinüri ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç-Yöntem: Çalışmaya nefroloji polikliniğinde takip edilen ve henüz renal replasman tedavisi almamış, evre 3-5 KBH hastalar arasından dahil etme kriterlerini karşılayan 314 hasta alındı. Katılımcıların verileri retrospektif ve kesitsel olarak incelendi. Demografik özellikleri, kreatinin, tahmini glomerüler filtrasyon hızı (t GFH), serum 25(OH)D3, kalsiyum, albümin, fosfor, parathormon (PTH), spot idrarda protein/kreatinin oranı, nötrofil, lenfosit, platelet, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLO) ve platelet/lenfosit oranı (PLO) kaydedildi. Serum 25(OH)D3 düzeyine göre; VD eksikliği olanlar, (<10 ng/ml), VD yetersizliği olanlar (10-29 ng/ml) ve VD düzeyi normal olanlar (>29 ng/ml) olmak üzere 3 grup oluşturuldu. Gruplar, inflamatuvar parametreler ve proteinüri düzeyi yönünden karşılaştırıldı. Analizler SPSS 23.0 programı ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: VD grupları arasında inflamatuvar parametreler (CRP, NLO ve PLO) açısından fark saptanmadı. Spot idrarda protein/kreatinin oranı VD eksikliği olanlarda, hem VD yetersizliği olanlardan (p:0, 007) hem de VD düzeyi normal olanlardan (p: 0,001) daha yüksekti. Ayrıca yapılan korelasyon analizinde VD düzeyi ile proteinüri arasında negative korelasyon saptandı (r: -267, p: <0,01). Nefrotik düzeyin altında proteinürisi olan bireylerde de VD düzeyi ve proteinüri ilişkisinin korunduğu saptandı (p: 0,018).
Sonuç: Proteinüri düzeyinin, VD düzeyi ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği ve VD eksikliği olanlarda daha yüksek değerlere ulaştığı görüldü. Bu noktada renal ve kardiyovasküler açıdan önemli bir faktör olan proteinürinin azaltılması noktasında VD’nin rolü gündeme gelebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vitamin D eksikliği kronik böbrek hastalığı inflamasyon proteinüri

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international supplements. 2013;3(1):1-150.
  • Referans2 United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States. 2012. p. A7-e420. (https://www.usrds.org/previous-adrs/2010-2019/)
  • Referans3 Maxine A. Papadakis Stephen J. McPhee: Güncel Tıbbi Tanı ve Tedavi-2016.
  • Referans4 Sterling KA, Eftekhari P, Girndt M, Kimmel PL, Raj DS. The immunoregulatory function of vitamin D: implications in chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2012;8(7):403-12.
  • Referans5 Oberg B. McMenamin E, Lucas FL, McMonagle E, Morrow J, Ikizler TA, Himmelfarb J. Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease Kidney Int. 2004;65:1009-16.
  • Referans6 Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chemistry & biology. 2014;21(3):319-29.
  • Referans7 Gary T, Pichler M, Belaj K, Hafner F, Gerger A, Froehlich H, Eller P, Rief P, Hackl G, Pilger E. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio: a novel marker for critical limb ischemia in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients. PloS one. 2013;8(7): e67688.
  • Referans8 Gürsoy OM, Karakoyun S, Kalçık M, Gökdeniz T, Yesin M, Gündüz S, Astarcioğlu MA, Ozkan M, Usefulness of novel hematologic inflammatory parameters to predict prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. The American journal of cardiology. 2014;113(5):860-4.
  • Referans9 Açar G, Kalkan ME, Avci A, Alizade E, Tabakci MM, Toprak C, Özkan B, Alici G, Esen AM, The relation of platelet–lymphocyte ratio and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable angina pectoris and chronic total occlusion. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2015;21(5):462-8.
  • Referans10 Yildiz A, Yuksel M, Oylumlu M, Polat N, Akyuz A, Acet H, Aydin M, Ülgen MS The utility of the platelet–lymphocyte ratio for predicting no reflow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis. 2015;21(3):223-8.
  • Referans11 Mirchi E, Saghafi H, Gharehbeglou M, Aghaali M, Rezaian Z, Ghaviahd M. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and inflammatory and nutritional factors in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Qom, Iran. 2016.
  • Referans12 Süleymanlar G, Utaş C, Arinsoy T, Ateş K, Altun B, Altiparmak MR, Ecder T, Yilmaz ME, Çamsari T, Başçi A, Odabas AR, Serdengecti K. A population-based survey of Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey--the CREDIT study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(6):1862-71.
  • Referans13 Fearon IM, Faux SP. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: novel tools give (free) radical insight. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2009;47(3):372-81.
  • Referans14 Csaba P Kovesdy M, FASNKamyar Kalantar-Zadeh. Inflammation in patients with kidney function impairment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammation-in-patients-with-kidney-function-impairment?search=Inflammation%20in%20renal%20insufficiency&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1.
  • Referans15 Vaziri ND, Pahl MV, Crum A, Norris K. Effect of uremia on structure and function of immune system. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2012;22(1):149-56.
  • Referans16 Azab B, Zaher M, Weiserbs KF, Torbey E, Lacossiere K, Gaddam S, Gobunsuy R, Jadonath S, Baldari D, McCord D, Lafferty J. Usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting short-and long-term mortality after non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(4):470-6.
  • Referans17 Bhatti I, Peacock O, Lloyd G, Larvin M, Hall RI. Preoperative hematologic markers as independent predictors of prognosis in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: neutrophil-lymphocyte versus platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Am J Surgery. 2010;200(2):197-203.
  • Referans18 Gibson PH, Cuthbertson BH, Croal BL, Rae D, El-Shafei H, Gibson G, Jeffrey RR, Buchan KG, Hillis GS. Usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(2):186-91.
  • Referans19 Ohno Y, Nakashima J, Ohori M, Hatano T, Tachibana M. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of urology. 2010;184(3):873-8.
  • Referans20 Uthamalingam S, Patvardhan EA, Subramanian S, Ahmed W, Martin W, Daley M, Capodilupo R. Utility of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting long-term outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure. Am J. Cardiol. 2011;107(3):433-8.
  • Referans21 Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim HJ, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Lee JH, Bae DS, Kim BG. Pretreatment neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma. Anticancer research. 2012;32(4):1555-61.
  • Referans22 Kocyigit I, Eroglu E, Unal A, Sipahioglu MH, Tokgoz B, Oymak O, Utas C. Role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prediction of disease progression in patients with stage-4 chronic kidney disease. Journal of Nephrology. 2012;26(2):358-65.
  • Referans23 Okyay GU, İnal S, Öneç K, Er RE, Paşaoğlu Ö, Paşaoğlu H, Derici U, Erten Y. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in evaluation of inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Renal failure. 2013;35(1):29-36.
  • Referans24 Binnetoğlu E, Şengül E, Halhallı G, Dindar S, Şen H. Is neutrophil lymphocyte ratio an indicator for proteinuria in chronic kidney disease? Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2014;28(6):487-92.
  • Referans25 Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(5 Suppl 3): S112-9.
  • Referans26 Turkmen K, Erdur FM, Ozcicek F, Ozcicek A, Akbas EM, Ozbicer A, Demirtas L, Turk S, Tonbul HZ. Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio better predicts inflammation than neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in end‐stage renal disease patients. Hemodialysis International. 2013;17(3):391-6.
  • Referans27 Yilmaz G, Sevinc C, Ustundag S, Yavuz YC, Hacıbekiroglu T, Hatipoglu E, Baysal M. The relationship between mean platelet volume and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with inflammation and proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 2017;28(1):90.
  • Referans28 González EA, Sachdeva A, Oliver DA, Martin KJ. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease. American journal of nephrology. 2004;24(5):503-10.
  • Referans29 Cheng S, Coyne D. Vitamin D and outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. 2007;16(2):77-82.
  • Referans30 Arulanantham R, Mariappari S, Radhakrishnan S. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease: A single centered study from a rural tertiary care hospital in South India. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2016;3(22):978-82.
  • Referans31 Adams JS, Hewison M. Update in vitamin D. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;95(2):471-8.
  • Referans32 Sözen T. D hormonu: Güncel gelişmeler. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi. 2011;42(1):14-27.
  • Referans33 Hewison M. Vitamin D and the immune system: new perspectives on an old theme. Rheumatic Disease Clinics. 2012;38(1):125-39.
  • Referans34 Akbas EM, Gungor A, Ozcicek A, Akbas N, Askin S, Polat M. Vitamin D and inflammation: evaluation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Archives of medical science: AMS. 2016;12(4):721.
  • Referans35 Yildirim I, Hur E, Kokturk F. Inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocyte count in vitamin D deficient patients with and without chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2013;2013.
  • Referans36 Nahas ME. The global challenge of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international. 2005;68(6):2918-29.
  • Referans37 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney international Supplement. 2009(113):S1-S130.
  • Referans38 Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. The lancet. 2012;379(9811):165-80.
  • Referans39 Agrawal V, Marinescu V, Agarwal M, McCullough PA. Cardiovascular implications of proteinuria: an indicator of chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2009;6(4):301-11.
  • Referans40 Siragy HM, Carey RM. Role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in chronic kidney disease. American journal of nephrology. 2010;31(6):541-50.
  • Referans41 Momeni A, Mirhosseini M, Kabiri M, Kheiri S. Effect of vitamin D on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of nephropathology. 2017;6(1):10.
  • Referans42 Kim MJ, Frankel AH, Donaldson M, Darch SJ, Pusey CD, Hill PD, Mayr M, Tam FWK. Oral cholecalciferol decreases albuminuria and urinary TGF-β1 in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy on established renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition. Kidney international. 2011;80(8):851-60.
  • Referans43 Huang Y, Yu H, Lu J, Guo K, Zhang L, Bao Y, Chen H, Jia W. Oral supplementation with cholecalciferol 800 IU ameliorates albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. PloS one. 2012;7(11):e50510.
  • Referans44 Schwarz U, Amann K, Orth SR, Simonaviciene A, Wessels S, Ritz E. Effect of 1, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Kidney international. 1998;53(6):1696-705.
  • Referans45 Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Ning G, Minto A, Kong J, Quigg RJ, Li YC. Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney international. 2008;73(2):163-71.
  • Referans46 Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American journal of hypertension. 2007;20(7):713-9.
  • Referans47 Schmitz KJ, Skinner HG, Bautista LE, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, Hicks PJ, Haffner SM, Bryer-Ash M, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Norris JM, Engelman CD. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with blood pressure in predominantly 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient Hispanic and African Americans. American journal of hypertension. 2009;22(8):867-70.
  • Referans48 Brøndum-Jacobsen P, Benn M, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG. 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death: population-based study and meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2012;32(11):2794-802.

The association of vitamin D status with inflammatory parameters and proteinuria in patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease who are not on renal replacement therapy

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 100 - 107, 01.01.2024

Hakan Doğruel Feyza Bora Fettah Fevzi Ersoy

https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1136799

Öz

Objective: It has been demonstrated that increased oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proteinuria. In recent years, it has been understood that vitamin D (VD) has many roles, with the demonstration of the VD receptor in many tissues. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of VD level with inflammatory parameters and proteinuria in individuals with CKD.
Method: The study included 314 patients who were followed up in the nephrology outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of CKD, had not received renal replacement therapy yet and met the inclusion criteria. The data of the participants were analyzed retrospectively and cross-sectionally. Demographic characteristics, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum 25(OH)D3, calcium, albumin, phosphorus, parathormone (PTH), spot urine protein/creatinine ratio, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet /lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were recorded. According to serum 25(OH)D3 level; Three groups were formed those with VD deficiency (<10 ng/ml), those with VD insufficiency (10-29 ng/ml), and those with normal VD level (>29 ng/ml). The groups were compared in terms of inflammatory parameters and proteinuria levels. Analyzes were performed by using the SPSS 23.0 program.
Results: There was no difference between the VD groups in terms of inflammatory parameters (CRP, NLR, and PLR). The protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine was higher in patients with VD deficiency than both those with VD insufficiency (p:0.007) and those with normal VD levels (p:0.001). In addition, a negative correlation was found between VD level and proteinuria (r: -267, p: <0.01). It was found that the association between VD level and proteinuria was preserved in individuals with proteinuria below the nephrotic level (p: 0.018).
Conclusion: It was observed that the proteinuria level was negatively correlated with the VD level and reached higher values in those with VD deficiency. At this point, the role of VD in reducing proteinuria, which is an important factor in renal and cardiovascular terms, may become a current issue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vitamin D deficiency chronic kidney disease inflammation proteinuria

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international supplements. 2013;3(1):1-150.
  • Referans2 United States Renal Data System 2011 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease & end-stage renal disease in the United States. 2012. p. A7-e420. (https://www.usrds.org/previous-adrs/2010-2019/)
  • Referans3 Maxine A. Papadakis Stephen J. McPhee: Güncel Tıbbi Tanı ve Tedavi-2016.
  • Referans4 Sterling KA, Eftekhari P, Girndt M, Kimmel PL, Raj DS. The immunoregulatory function of vitamin D: implications in chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2012;8(7):403-12.
  • Referans5 Oberg B. McMenamin E, Lucas FL, McMonagle E, Morrow J, Ikizler TA, Himmelfarb J. Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease Kidney Int. 2004;65:1009-16.
  • Referans6 Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chemistry & biology. 2014;21(3):319-29.
  • Referans7 Gary T, Pichler M, Belaj K, Hafner F, Gerger A, Froehlich H, Eller P, Rief P, Hackl G, Pilger E. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio: a novel marker for critical limb ischemia in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients. PloS one. 2013;8(7): e67688.
  • Referans8 Gürsoy OM, Karakoyun S, Kalçık M, Gökdeniz T, Yesin M, Gündüz S, Astarcioğlu MA, Ozkan M, Usefulness of novel hematologic inflammatory parameters to predict prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis. The American journal of cardiology. 2014;113(5):860-4.
  • Referans9 Açar G, Kalkan ME, Avci A, Alizade E, Tabakci MM, Toprak C, Özkan B, Alici G, Esen AM, The relation of platelet–lymphocyte ratio and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable angina pectoris and chronic total occlusion. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis. 2015;21(5):462-8.
  • Referans10 Yildiz A, Yuksel M, Oylumlu M, Polat N, Akyuz A, Acet H, Aydin M, Ülgen MS The utility of the platelet–lymphocyte ratio for predicting no reflow in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis. 2015;21(3):223-8.
  • Referans11 Mirchi E, Saghafi H, Gharehbeglou M, Aghaali M, Rezaian Z, Ghaviahd M. Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and inflammatory and nutritional factors in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients in Qom, Iran. 2016.
  • Referans12 Süleymanlar G, Utaş C, Arinsoy T, Ateş K, Altun B, Altiparmak MR, Ecder T, Yilmaz ME, Çamsari T, Başçi A, Odabas AR, Serdengecti K. A population-based survey of Chronic REnal Disease In Turkey--the CREDIT study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(6):1862-71.
  • Referans13 Fearon IM, Faux SP. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: novel tools give (free) radical insight. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2009;47(3):372-81.
  • Referans14 Csaba P Kovesdy M, FASNKamyar Kalantar-Zadeh. Inflammation in patients with kidney function impairment. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/inflammation-in-patients-with-kidney-function-impairment?search=Inflammation%20in%20renal%20insufficiency&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1.
  • Referans15 Vaziri ND, Pahl MV, Crum A, Norris K. Effect of uremia on structure and function of immune system. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2012;22(1):149-56.
  • Referans16 Azab B, Zaher M, Weiserbs KF, Torbey E, Lacossiere K, Gaddam S, Gobunsuy R, Jadonath S, Baldari D, McCord D, Lafferty J. Usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting short-and long-term mortality after non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(4):470-6.
  • Referans17 Bhatti I, Peacock O, Lloyd G, Larvin M, Hall RI. Preoperative hematologic markers as independent predictors of prognosis in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: neutrophil-lymphocyte versus platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Am J Surgery. 2010;200(2):197-203.
  • Referans18 Gibson PH, Cuthbertson BH, Croal BL, Rae D, El-Shafei H, Gibson G, Jeffrey RR, Buchan KG, Hillis GS. Usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(2):186-91.
  • Referans19 Ohno Y, Nakashima J, Ohori M, Hatano T, Tachibana M. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of recurrence in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of urology. 2010;184(3):873-8.
  • Referans20 Uthamalingam S, Patvardhan EA, Subramanian S, Ahmed W, Martin W, Daley M, Capodilupo R. Utility of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting long-term outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure. Am J. Cardiol. 2011;107(3):433-8.
  • Referans21 Lee YY, Choi CH, Kim HJ, Kim TJ, Lee JW, Lee JH, Bae DS, Kim BG. Pretreatment neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma. Anticancer research. 2012;32(4):1555-61.
  • Referans22 Kocyigit I, Eroglu E, Unal A, Sipahioglu MH, Tokgoz B, Oymak O, Utas C. Role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in prediction of disease progression in patients with stage-4 chronic kidney disease. Journal of Nephrology. 2012;26(2):358-65.
  • Referans23 Okyay GU, İnal S, Öneç K, Er RE, Paşaoğlu Ö, Paşaoğlu H, Derici U, Erten Y. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in evaluation of inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Renal failure. 2013;35(1):29-36.
  • Referans24 Binnetoğlu E, Şengül E, Halhallı G, Dindar S, Şen H. Is neutrophil lymphocyte ratio an indicator for proteinuria in chronic kidney disease? Journal of clinical laboratory analysis. 2014;28(6):487-92.
  • Referans25 Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;32(5 Suppl 3): S112-9.
  • Referans26 Turkmen K, Erdur FM, Ozcicek F, Ozcicek A, Akbas EM, Ozbicer A, Demirtas L, Turk S, Tonbul HZ. Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio better predicts inflammation than neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in end‐stage renal disease patients. Hemodialysis International. 2013;17(3):391-6.
  • Referans27 Yilmaz G, Sevinc C, Ustundag S, Yavuz YC, Hacıbekiroglu T, Hatipoglu E, Baysal M. The relationship between mean platelet volume and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with inflammation and proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation. 2017;28(1):90.
  • Referans28 González EA, Sachdeva A, Oliver DA, Martin KJ. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease. American journal of nephrology. 2004;24(5):503-10.
  • Referans29 Cheng S, Coyne D. Vitamin D and outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. 2007;16(2):77-82.
  • Referans30 Arulanantham R, Mariappari S, Radhakrishnan S. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease: A single centered study from a rural tertiary care hospital in South India. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2016;3(22):978-82.
  • Referans31 Adams JS, Hewison M. Update in vitamin D. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;95(2):471-8.
  • Referans32 Sözen T. D hormonu: Güncel gelişmeler. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi. 2011;42(1):14-27.
  • Referans33 Hewison M. Vitamin D and the immune system: new perspectives on an old theme. Rheumatic Disease Clinics. 2012;38(1):125-39.
  • Referans34 Akbas EM, Gungor A, Ozcicek A, Akbas N, Askin S, Polat M. Vitamin D and inflammation: evaluation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Archives of medical science: AMS. 2016;12(4):721.
  • Referans35 Yildirim I, Hur E, Kokturk F. Inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocyte count in vitamin D deficient patients with and without chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2013;2013.
  • Referans36 Nahas ME. The global challenge of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international. 2005;68(6):2918-29.
  • Referans37 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney international Supplement. 2009(113):S1-S130.
  • Referans38 Levey AS, Coresh J. Chronic kidney disease. The lancet. 2012;379(9811):165-80.
  • Referans39 Agrawal V, Marinescu V, Agarwal M, McCullough PA. Cardiovascular implications of proteinuria: an indicator of chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2009;6(4):301-11.
  • Referans40 Siragy HM, Carey RM. Role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in chronic kidney disease. American journal of nephrology. 2010;31(6):541-50.
  • Referans41 Momeni A, Mirhosseini M, Kabiri M, Kheiri S. Effect of vitamin D on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of nephropathology. 2017;6(1):10.
  • Referans42 Kim MJ, Frankel AH, Donaldson M, Darch SJ, Pusey CD, Hill PD, Mayr M, Tam FWK. Oral cholecalciferol decreases albuminuria and urinary TGF-β1 in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy on established renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition. Kidney international. 2011;80(8):851-60.
  • Referans43 Huang Y, Yu H, Lu J, Guo K, Zhang L, Bao Y, Chen H, Jia W. Oral supplementation with cholecalciferol 800 IU ameliorates albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. PloS one. 2012;7(11):e50510.
  • Referans44 Schwarz U, Amann K, Orth SR, Simonaviciene A, Wessels S, Ritz E. Effect of 1, 25 (OH) 2 vitamin D3 on glomerulosclerosis in subtotally nephrectomized rats. Kidney international. 1998;53(6):1696-705.
  • Referans45 Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Ning G, Minto A, Kong J, Quigg RJ, Li YC. Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney international. 2008;73(2):163-71.
  • Referans46 Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American journal of hypertension. 2007;20(7):713-9.
  • Referans47 Schmitz KJ, Skinner HG, Bautista LE, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, Hicks PJ, Haffner SM, Bryer-Ash M, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW, Norris JM, Engelman CD. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with blood pressure in predominantly 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient Hispanic and African Americans. American journal of hypertension. 2009;22(8):867-70.
  • Referans48 Brøndum-Jacobsen P, Benn M, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG. 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death: population-based study and meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2012;32(11):2794-802.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hakan Doğruel 0000-0002-6204-9796

Feyza Bora 0000-0003-2379-2090

Fettah Fevzi Ersoy 0000-0001-9722-1560

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğruel, H., Bora, F., & Ersoy, F. F. (2024). Renal replasman tedavisi almayan evre 3-5 kronik böbrek hastalığı olan hastalarda vitamin D düzeyinin inflamatuvar parametreler ve proteinüri ile ilişkisi. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 10(1), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1136799
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