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Vital Ağartmanın Kompozit Rezin Yüzey Sertliğine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 247 - 255, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1340598

Öz

Günümüzde estetiğe verilen önemin artması ile vital ağartma tedavileri de popülerlik kazanmıştır. Estetik diş hekimliğinde ağartma uygulamaları oldukça hızlı sonuç veren konservatif tedavilerdir. Doğru teşhis ve tedavi planlaması ile başarılı sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Ağartma tedavileri için farklı içerikte ve konsantrasyonda ürünler bulunmaktadır. Ağartmanın temel mekanizması dişlerde renklenmeye sebep olan büyük moleküllü bileşiklerin okside edici ajanlar aracılığıyla daha küçük moleküllere parçalanması prensibine dayanmaktadır. Diş dokusuna nüfus ederek ağartma etkisi gösteren okside edici ajanlar aynı zamanda hastanın mevcut kompozit rezin restorasyonlarında da çeşitli değişikliklere sebep olabilmektedir. Restoratif diş hekimliğinde özellikle çürük sebebi ile kaybedilen diş dokusunun tedavisinde en çok tercih edilen direkt restoratif materyal olan kompozit rezinlere toplumun çoğunluğunda her yaş grubundan hastada rastlanmaktadır. Vital ağartma tedavileri uygulanırken dişlerdeki mevcut kompozit restorasyonlarda oluşabilecek değişiklikler ve riskler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı günümüzde popüler olan vital ağartma tedavilerinin kompozit rezin restorasyonların yüzey sertliği üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. Greenwall L. Bleaching techniques in restorative dentistry, London: Martin Dunitz; 2005. p.132-63.
  • Referans2. Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J 2001;190:309-16.
  • Referans3. Abdullah AO, Muhammed FK, Zheng B, Liu Y. An overview of extrinsic tooth bleaching and its impact on oral restorative materials. World J Dent 2017;8:503-10.
  • Referans4. Chakraborty A, Purayil T, Ginjupalli K, Pentapati KC, Shenoy N. Effect of in-office bleaching agent on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins. F1000Research 2023;12:129-47.
  • Referans5. Uluakay M, İnan H, Yamanel K, Arhun N. Kompozit rezinler ve polimerizasyon büzülmesi. ADO Klin Bil Derg 2011;5:895-902.
  • Referans6. Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015;27:240-57.
  • Referans7. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2014;26:33- 46.
  • Referans8. Epple M, Meyer F, Enax J. A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening. Dentistry journal 2019;7:79-92.
  • Referans9. Kayalıdere E, Dörter C. Ofis tipi diş beyazlatma. Dörter C, editör. Diş Beyazlatma. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. s.15-21.
  • Referans10. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shetri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in Office and at home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent 2003;28:114-21
  • Referans11. Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1965;19:515-30.
  • Referans12. Kısacık FÖ, Keçeci AD, Adanır N. Vital ağartma tedavilerinde başarının ve renk stabilitesinin ölçülmesi. SDÜ Sağlik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012;3:89-95.
  • Referans13. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion for removal of superficial dysmineralization and decalcification defects. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;120:411-5.
  • Referans14. Sulieman MA. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontol 2008;48:148-69.
  • Referans15. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 2006;34:412-9.
  • Referans16. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching: a critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003;14:292-304.
  • Referans17. Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006;31:623-8.
  • Referans18. Cooley RL, Burger KM. Effect of carbamide peroxide on composite resins. Quintessence Int 1991;22:817-21.
  • Referans19. Campos I, Briso AL, Pimenta LA, Ambrosano G. Effects of bleaching with carbamide peroxide gels on microhardness of restoration materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15: 175-82.
  • Referans20. Chakraborty A, Purayil T, Ginjupalli K, Pentapati KC, Shenoy N. Effect of in-office bleaching agent on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins. F1000Research 2023;12:129-47.
  • Referans21. Sharafeddin F, Jamalipour G. Effects of 35% carbamide peroxide gel on surface roughness and hardness of composite resins. J Dent (Tehran) 2010;7:6-12.
  • Referans22. Mourouzis P, Koulaouzidou EA, Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M. Effect of in-office bleaching agents on physical properties of dental composite resins. Quintessence int 2013; 44:295-302.
  • Referans23. García-Godoy F, García-Godoy A, Effect of bleaching gels on the surface roughness, hardness, and micromorphology of composites. General Dentistry 2002;50:247-50.
  • Referans24. Bahari M, Oskoee SS, Mohammadi N, Chaharom MEE, Godrati M, Oskoee AS. Effect of different bleaching strategies on microhardness of a silorane-based composite resin. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016;10:213-9.
  • Referans25. Ülper E, Türkmen C, Cimilli H. The Effects of Office Bleaching Techniques on Nanoceramic Composite Resin. Clin Exp Health Sci 2023;13:92-8.
  • Referans26. Yap AU, Wattanapayungkul P. Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent 2002;27:137-41.
  • Referans27. Alshammery S. Evaluation of light activation on in-office dental bleaching: a systematic review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20:1355-60.
  • Referans28. Saeed A, Nayyer M, Sajid M, Ahmed U, Khan SA. Effect of home bleaching on the vickers micro-hardness of resin based dental materials. Pak Orthod J 2020;12:90-5.
  • Referans29. Silva Costa SX, Becker AB, de Souza Rastelli AN, Monteiro Loffredo LDC, de Andrade MF, Bagnato VS. Effect of four bleaching regimens on color changes and microhardness of dental nanofilled composite. Int J Dent 2009;2009:313845. Doi:10.1155/2009/313845.
  • Referans30. Müjdeci A, Gökay O. Ağartma materyallerinin mine yüzey morfolojisi üzerine etkileri. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2005;32:155-62.
  • Referans31. Lima DANL, De Alexandre RS, Martins AC, Aguiar FHB, Ambrosano GMB, Lovadino JR. Effect of curing lights and bleaching agents on physical properties of a hybrid composite resin. J Esthet Restor Dent 2008;20:266-73.
  • Referans32. Sobral-Souza DF, Gouveia THN, Condeles AL, Junior JCT, Muniz BV, Franz-Montan M et al. Effect of accelerated stability on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of experimental bleaching gels containing different bioadhesive polymers. Clin Oral Invest 2022;26:3261-71.
  • Referans33. Goncalves IMC, Sobral-Souza DF, Roveda AC, Jr Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of experimental bleaching gels with polymers Natrosol and Aristoflex on the enamel surface properties. Braz Dent J 2023;34:56-66.
  • Referans34. Gouveia THN, Públio JDC, Ambrosano GMB, Paulillo LAMS, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of at-home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite. Eur J Dent 2016;10:82-91.
  • Referans35. Vieira I, Ferraz LN, Junior VWF, Dias CTDS, Lima DANL. Effect of at‐home bleaching gels with different thickeners on the physical properties of a composite resin without bisphenol A. J Esthet Restor Dent 2022;34:969-77.
  • Referans36. Kimyai S, Bahari M, Naser-Alavi F, Behboodi S. Effect of two different tooth bleaching techniques on microhardness of giomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:249-53.
  • Referans37. Torabi K, Rasaeipour S, Ghodsi S, Khaledi AA, Vojdani M. Evaluation of the effect of a home bleaching agent on surface characteristics of indirect esthetic restorative materials-part II microhardness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15:438-43.
  • Referans38. Pascolutti M, de Oliveira D. Radical-Free Approach to Teeth Whitening. Dent J 2021;9:148-57.
  • Referans39. Ribeiro JS, de Oliveira da Rosa WL, da Silva AF, Piva E, Lund RG. Efficacy of natural, peroxide-free tooth-bleaching agents: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and technological prospecting. Phytother Res 2020;34:1060-70.
  • Referans40. Eachempati P, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Kiran Kumar Krishanappa S, Gupta P, Yaylalı I.E. Home-based chemicallyinduced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;12:1-237.
  • Referans41. Greenwall-Cohen J, Francois P, Silikas N, Greenwall L, Le Goff S, Attal J-P. The safety and efficacy of ‘over the counter’ bleaching products in the UK. Br Dent J 2019;226:271-6.
  • Referans42. Müller-Heupt LK, Wiesmann-Imilowski N, Kaya S, Schumann S, Steiger M, Bjelopavlovic M, Deschner J, Al-Nawas B, Lehmann KM, Effectiveness and safety of over the counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:1956-72.
  • Referans43. Nainan M T, Balan AK, Sharma R, Thomas SS, Deveerappa SB. The comparison of the effects of different whitening toothpastes on the micro hardness of a nano hybrid composite resin. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:550-4.
  • Referans44. Atalı PY. Beyazlatma Ajanları ve Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Pürüzlüğü ve Mikrosertlik Üzerine Etkilerinin In-Vitro İncelenmesi [tez]. Ankara: Marmara Üniversitesi; 2011
  • Referans45. Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. Fırçalamanın ve beyazlatıcılı diş macunlarının kompozitlerin yüzey özelliklerine etkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2014;24:22-32.
  • Referans46. Roopa KB, Basappa N, Prabhakar A R, Raju OS, Lamba G. Effect of whitening dentifrice on micro hardness, colour stability and surface roughness of aesthetic restorative materials. JCDR 2016;10:6-11.
  • Referans47. Farghal N, Elkafrawy H. The effects of activated charcoal and calcium carbonate based toothpastes on surface properties of composite resin restorative materials. Egypt Dent J 2020;66:2431-8.
  • Referans48. Forouzanfar A, Hasanpour P, Yazdandoust Y, Bagheri H, Mohammadipour HS. Evaluating the effect of active charcoalcontaining toothpaste on color change, microhardness and surface roughness of tooth enamel and resin composite restorative materials. Int J Dent 2023; May 9:6736623. Doi: 10.155/2023/6736623.
  • Referans49. Miranda DDA, Bertoldo CEDS, Aguiar FB, Lima DANL, Lovadino JR. Effects of mouthwashes on knoop hardness and surface roughness of dental composites after different immersion times. Braz Oral Res 2011;25:168-73.
  • Referans50. Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006;31:623-8.

Effect of Vital Bleaching on Composite Resin Surface Hardness

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 247 - 255, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.54617/adoklinikbilimler.1340598

Öz

Vital bleaching treatments have become popular nowadays. The increased demand can be due to the patients high esthetic perceptions. Bleaching treatment in dentistry is a conservative and rapid method for treating discolored teeth. The success of the treatment depends on the accurate diagnosis and treatment method. There are different agents in different concentrations for vital bleaching. The primary mechanism of bleaching is based on the principle of disintegration of large molecules of stains into small molecules with the help of oxidative agents. The oxidative agents show a bleaching effect by penetrating tooth structure and also adversely affecting the physical properties of both teeth and composite resin restorations. In restorative dentistry, composite resins are the most commonly used direct restorative materials, especially for the treatment of dental caries in all age groups. The effects and risks that may occur in the existing composite restorations should be regarded while the vital bleaching treatments. This review aims to evaluate the effects of vital bleaching procedures on the surface hardness of composite resin restorations.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1. Greenwall L. Bleaching techniques in restorative dentistry, London: Martin Dunitz; 2005. p.132-63.
  • Referans2. Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J 2001;190:309-16.
  • Referans3. Abdullah AO, Muhammed FK, Zheng B, Liu Y. An overview of extrinsic tooth bleaching and its impact on oral restorative materials. World J Dent 2017;8:503-10.
  • Referans4. Chakraborty A, Purayil T, Ginjupalli K, Pentapati KC, Shenoy N. Effect of in-office bleaching agent on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins. F1000Research 2023;12:129-47.
  • Referans5. Uluakay M, İnan H, Yamanel K, Arhun N. Kompozit rezinler ve polimerizasyon büzülmesi. ADO Klin Bil Derg 2011;5:895-902.
  • Referans6. Kwon SR, Wertz PW. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent 2015;27:240-57.
  • Referans7. Alqahtani MQ. Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. Saudi Dent J 2014;26:33- 46.
  • Referans8. Epple M, Meyer F, Enax J. A Critical Review of Modern Concepts for Teeth Whitening. Dentistry journal 2019;7:79-92.
  • Referans9. Kayalıdere E, Dörter C. Ofis tipi diş beyazlatma. Dörter C, editör. Diş Beyazlatma. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2020. s.15-21.
  • Referans10. Zekonis R, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Al Shetri SE, Eckert GJ, Carlson TJ. Clinical evaluation of in Office and at home bleaching treatments. Oper Dent 2003;28:114-21
  • Referans11. Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 1965;19:515-30.
  • Referans12. Kısacık FÖ, Keçeci AD, Adanır N. Vital ağartma tedavilerinde başarının ve renk stabilitesinin ölçülmesi. SDÜ Sağlik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012;3:89-95.
  • Referans13. Croll TP. Enamel microabrasion for removal of superficial dysmineralization and decalcification defects. J Am Dent Assoc 1990;120:411-5.
  • Referans14. Sulieman MA. An overview of tooth-bleaching techniques: chemistry, safety and efficacy. Periodontol 2008;48:148-69.
  • Referans15. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent 2006;34:412-9.
  • Referans16. Dahl JE, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching: a critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003;14:292-304.
  • Referans17. Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006;31:623-8.
  • Referans18. Cooley RL, Burger KM. Effect of carbamide peroxide on composite resins. Quintessence Int 1991;22:817-21.
  • Referans19. Campos I, Briso AL, Pimenta LA, Ambrosano G. Effects of bleaching with carbamide peroxide gels on microhardness of restoration materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15: 175-82.
  • Referans20. Chakraborty A, Purayil T, Ginjupalli K, Pentapati KC, Shenoy N. Effect of in-office bleaching agent on the surface roughness and microhardness of nanofilled and nanohybrid composite resins. F1000Research 2023;12:129-47.
  • Referans21. Sharafeddin F, Jamalipour G. Effects of 35% carbamide peroxide gel on surface roughness and hardness of composite resins. J Dent (Tehran) 2010;7:6-12.
  • Referans22. Mourouzis P, Koulaouzidou EA, Helvatjoglu-Antoniades M. Effect of in-office bleaching agents on physical properties of dental composite resins. Quintessence int 2013; 44:295-302.
  • Referans23. García-Godoy F, García-Godoy A, Effect of bleaching gels on the surface roughness, hardness, and micromorphology of composites. General Dentistry 2002;50:247-50.
  • Referans24. Bahari M, Oskoee SS, Mohammadi N, Chaharom MEE, Godrati M, Oskoee AS. Effect of different bleaching strategies on microhardness of a silorane-based composite resin. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2016;10:213-9.
  • Referans25. Ülper E, Türkmen C, Cimilli H. The Effects of Office Bleaching Techniques on Nanoceramic Composite Resin. Clin Exp Health Sci 2023;13:92-8.
  • Referans26. Yap AU, Wattanapayungkul P. Effects of in-office tooth whiteners on hardness of tooth-colored restoratives. Oper Dent 2002;27:137-41.
  • Referans27. Alshammery S. Evaluation of light activation on in-office dental bleaching: a systematic review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20:1355-60.
  • Referans28. Saeed A, Nayyer M, Sajid M, Ahmed U, Khan SA. Effect of home bleaching on the vickers micro-hardness of resin based dental materials. Pak Orthod J 2020;12:90-5.
  • Referans29. Silva Costa SX, Becker AB, de Souza Rastelli AN, Monteiro Loffredo LDC, de Andrade MF, Bagnato VS. Effect of four bleaching regimens on color changes and microhardness of dental nanofilled composite. Int J Dent 2009;2009:313845. Doi:10.1155/2009/313845.
  • Referans30. Müjdeci A, Gökay O. Ağartma materyallerinin mine yüzey morfolojisi üzerine etkileri. AÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2005;32:155-62.
  • Referans31. Lima DANL, De Alexandre RS, Martins AC, Aguiar FHB, Ambrosano GMB, Lovadino JR. Effect of curing lights and bleaching agents on physical properties of a hybrid composite resin. J Esthet Restor Dent 2008;20:266-73.
  • Referans32. Sobral-Souza DF, Gouveia THN, Condeles AL, Junior JCT, Muniz BV, Franz-Montan M et al. Effect of accelerated stability on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of experimental bleaching gels containing different bioadhesive polymers. Clin Oral Invest 2022;26:3261-71.
  • Referans33. Goncalves IMC, Sobral-Souza DF, Roveda AC, Jr Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of experimental bleaching gels with polymers Natrosol and Aristoflex on the enamel surface properties. Braz Dent J 2023;34:56-66.
  • Referans34. Gouveia THN, Públio JDC, Ambrosano GMB, Paulillo LAMS, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL. Effect of at-home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite. Eur J Dent 2016;10:82-91.
  • Referans35. Vieira I, Ferraz LN, Junior VWF, Dias CTDS, Lima DANL. Effect of at‐home bleaching gels with different thickeners on the physical properties of a composite resin without bisphenol A. J Esthet Restor Dent 2022;34:969-77.
  • Referans36. Kimyai S, Bahari M, Naser-Alavi F, Behboodi S. Effect of two different tooth bleaching techniques on microhardness of giomer. J Clin Exp Dent 2017;9:249-53.
  • Referans37. Torabi K, Rasaeipour S, Ghodsi S, Khaledi AA, Vojdani M. Evaluation of the effect of a home bleaching agent on surface characteristics of indirect esthetic restorative materials-part II microhardness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15:438-43.
  • Referans38. Pascolutti M, de Oliveira D. Radical-Free Approach to Teeth Whitening. Dent J 2021;9:148-57.
  • Referans39. Ribeiro JS, de Oliveira da Rosa WL, da Silva AF, Piva E, Lund RG. Efficacy of natural, peroxide-free tooth-bleaching agents: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and technological prospecting. Phytother Res 2020;34:1060-70.
  • Referans40. Eachempati P, Kumbargere Nagraj S, Kiran Kumar Krishanappa S, Gupta P, Yaylalı I.E. Home-based chemicallyinduced whitening (bleaching) of teeth in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;12:1-237.
  • Referans41. Greenwall-Cohen J, Francois P, Silikas N, Greenwall L, Le Goff S, Attal J-P. The safety and efficacy of ‘over the counter’ bleaching products in the UK. Br Dent J 2019;226:271-6.
  • Referans42. Müller-Heupt LK, Wiesmann-Imilowski N, Kaya S, Schumann S, Steiger M, Bjelopavlovic M, Deschner J, Al-Nawas B, Lehmann KM, Effectiveness and safety of over the counter tooth-whitening agents compared to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:1956-72.
  • Referans43. Nainan M T, Balan AK, Sharma R, Thomas SS, Deveerappa SB. The comparison of the effects of different whitening toothpastes on the micro hardness of a nano hybrid composite resin. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:550-4.
  • Referans44. Atalı PY. Beyazlatma Ajanları ve Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunlarının Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Pürüzlüğü ve Mikrosertlik Üzerine Etkilerinin In-Vitro İncelenmesi [tez]. Ankara: Marmara Üniversitesi; 2011
  • Referans45. Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. Fırçalamanın ve beyazlatıcılı diş macunlarının kompozitlerin yüzey özelliklerine etkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2014;24:22-32.
  • Referans46. Roopa KB, Basappa N, Prabhakar A R, Raju OS, Lamba G. Effect of whitening dentifrice on micro hardness, colour stability and surface roughness of aesthetic restorative materials. JCDR 2016;10:6-11.
  • Referans47. Farghal N, Elkafrawy H. The effects of activated charcoal and calcium carbonate based toothpastes on surface properties of composite resin restorative materials. Egypt Dent J 2020;66:2431-8.
  • Referans48. Forouzanfar A, Hasanpour P, Yazdandoust Y, Bagheri H, Mohammadipour HS. Evaluating the effect of active charcoalcontaining toothpaste on color change, microhardness and surface roughness of tooth enamel and resin composite restorative materials. Int J Dent 2023; May 9:6736623. Doi: 10.155/2023/6736623.
  • Referans49. Miranda DDA, Bertoldo CEDS, Aguiar FB, Lima DANL, Lovadino JR. Effects of mouthwashes on knoop hardness and surface roughness of dental composites after different immersion times. Braz Oral Res 2011;25:168-73.
  • Referans50. Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006;31:623-8.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Restoratif Diş Tedavisi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

İlke Torbalı Çokkeçeci 0000-0003-2538-893X

Hacer Deniz Arısu 0000-0003-0249-8968

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Torbalı Çokkeçeci İ, Deniz Arısu H. Vital Ağartmanın Kompozit Rezin Yüzey Sertliğine Etkisi. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2024;13(1):247-55.