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Experiences of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 77 - 87, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1120894

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the experiences of intensive care nurses who cared for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
Material and Methods: The research was carried out with nurses. Data collection included in-depth interviews conducted between June-August 2020. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Results: Three main themes emerged: (a) nurses' compliance with the process; (b) factors affecting motivation; and (c) emotional responses observed in patients. While challenging situations, increase in workload, and situations that cause anxiety were the factors that negatively affected nurses' motivation to work, awareness/empathic behavior and flexible working hours were the factors that positively affected the motivation to work.
Conclusion: Intensive care nurses make great efforts to prevent transmission from patients with COVID-19. It is thought that nurses should be supported in terms of the factors that negatively affect their motivation to work. It is considered that nurses' awareness/empathic behaviors affected their perceptions of the patients' fear of death and feeling of helplessness.

References

  • Al Thobaity, A., Alshammari, F. (2020). Nurses on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. Dubai Medical Journal, 3, 87-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509361
  • Boškoski, I., Gallo, C., Wallace, M.B. et al. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: Protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse. Gastrointest Endoscopy, 92(3), 519–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.04.048
  • Chan, J.F.W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H. et al. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 395(10223), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
  • Charlick, S., Pincombe, J., McKellar, L. et al. (2016). Making sense of participant experiences: Interpretative phenomenological analysis in midwifery research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 11, 205-216. http://www.informingscience.org/Publications/3486
  • Chen, S.C., Lai, Y.H., Tsay, S.L. (2020). Nursing perspectives on the impacts of COVID-19. Journal of Nursing Research, 28(3), e85. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000389
  • Chen, C.S., Wu, H.Y., Yang, P. et al. (2005). Psychological distress of nurses in Taiwan who worked during the outbreak of SARS. Psychiatric Services, 56(1), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.1.76
  • Erdogan, S., Nahcivan N, Esin N. (2020). Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, uygulama ve kritik (4th ed.). Istanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Fernandez-Castillo, R., Gonzalez-Caro, M., Porcel-Galvez, A. (2021). Intensive care nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(5), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12589
  • Galehdar, N., Kamran, A., Toulabi, T. et al. (2020). Exploring nurses’ experiences of psychological distress during care of patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 489. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02898-1
  • Goh, Y., Tan, B.Y.Q., Bhartendu, C. et al. (2020). The face mask: How a real protection becomes a psychological symbol during Covid-19?. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.060
  • Goktepe, N., Turkmen, E., Bozkurt, G. et al. (2021). The views of critical care nurses participating in an adult intensive care nursing certification program. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care, 19, 123-30 DOI: 10.4274/tybd.galenos.2020.58076
  • Guerrero-Cantaneda, R.F., Oliva Menezes, T.M., Prado, M.L. (2019). Phenomenology in nursing research: reflection based on Heidegger’s hermeneutics. Escola Anna Nery, 23(4), e20190059. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0059
  • Halcomb, E., McInnes, S., Williams, A. et al. (2020). The experiences of primary healthcare nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12589
  • Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S. et al. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 929–936. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191
  • Horrigan-Kelly, M., Millar, M., Dowling, M. (2016). Understanding the key tenets of Heidegger’s philosophy for interpretive phenomenological research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406916680634
  • Jack, K., Wibberley, C. (2014). The meaning of emotion work to student nurses: A Heideggerian analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(6), 900-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.009
  • Karimi, Z., Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M. et al. (2020). The lived experience of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A phenomenological study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 1271–1278. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S258785
  • Khalid, I., Khalid, T.J., Qabajah, M.R. et al. (2016). Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clinical Medicine Research, 14(1), 7–14. doi:10.3121/cmr.2016.1303
  • Kıraner, E., Terzi, B., Turkmen, E. et al. (2020). Experiences of Turkish Intensive Care Nurses in the COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 17(3), 284–286. GALE|A639265806
  • Kim, K., Lee, O. (2016). Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Nurses on Personal Protective Equipment: Response to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 23(4), 402–410. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2016.23.4.402
  • Kim, Y. (2018). Nurses’ experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(7), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.012
  • Leng, M., Shi, X., Wei, Y. et al. (2020). Mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(2), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12528
  • Martín-Rodríguez, F., Sanz-García, A., López-Izquierdo, R. et al. (2020). Predicting health care workers’ tolerance of personal protective equipment: An observational simulation study. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 47, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2020.07.005
  • Oral, B., Çoban, A. (2020). Kuramdan uygulamaya eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Patel, A., D’Alessandro, M.M., Ireland, K.J. et al. (2017). Personal protective equipment supply chain: Lessons learned from recent public health emergency responses. Health Security, 15(3), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2016.0129
  • Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). United States of America: Sage Publications.
  • Raurell-Torredà, M. (2020). Management of ICU nursing teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enfermeria Intensiva, 31(2), 49–51. doi: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.04.001
  • Rose, J., Johnson, C.W. (2020). Contextualizing reliability and validity in qualitative research: toward more rigorous and trustworthy qualitative social science in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(4), 432-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1722042
  • Scott, M., Unsworth, J. (2020). Lessons from other disciplines about communication, human performance and situational awareness while wearing personal protective equipment. SAGE Open Nursing, 6, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820963766
  • Silverstein, W.K., Stroud, L., Cleghorn, G.E. et al. (2020). First imported case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia. Lancet, 395(10225), 734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30370-6
  • Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage Publications.
  • Sperling, D. (2021). Ethical dilemmas, perceived risk, and motivation among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Ethics, 28(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020956376
  • Torda, A. (2006). Ethical issues in pandemic planning. Medical Journal of Australia, 14(1), 7-14.
  • Wang, H., Liu, Y., Hu, K. et al. (2020). Healthcare workers’ stress when caring for COVID-19 patients: An altruistic perspective. Nursing Ethics, 27(7), 1490–1500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020934146
  • World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from https://covid19.who.int/
Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 77 - 87, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1120894

Abstract

References

  • Al Thobaity, A., Alshammari, F. (2020). Nurses on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. Dubai Medical Journal, 3, 87-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509361
  • Boškoski, I., Gallo, C., Wallace, M.B. et al. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: Protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse. Gastrointest Endoscopy, 92(3), 519–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.04.048
  • Chan, J.F.W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H. et al. (2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 395(10223), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
  • Charlick, S., Pincombe, J., McKellar, L. et al. (2016). Making sense of participant experiences: Interpretative phenomenological analysis in midwifery research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 11, 205-216. http://www.informingscience.org/Publications/3486
  • Chen, S.C., Lai, Y.H., Tsay, S.L. (2020). Nursing perspectives on the impacts of COVID-19. Journal of Nursing Research, 28(3), e85. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000389
  • Chen, C.S., Wu, H.Y., Yang, P. et al. (2005). Psychological distress of nurses in Taiwan who worked during the outbreak of SARS. Psychiatric Services, 56(1), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.1.76
  • Erdogan, S., Nahcivan N, Esin N. (2020). Hemşirelikte Araştırma: Süreç, uygulama ve kritik (4th ed.). Istanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
  • Fernandez-Castillo, R., Gonzalez-Caro, M., Porcel-Galvez, A. (2021). Intensive care nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(5), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12589
  • Galehdar, N., Kamran, A., Toulabi, T. et al. (2020). Exploring nurses’ experiences of psychological distress during care of patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 489. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02898-1
  • Goh, Y., Tan, B.Y.Q., Bhartendu, C. et al. (2020). The face mask: How a real protection becomes a psychological symbol during Covid-19?. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.060
  • Goktepe, N., Turkmen, E., Bozkurt, G. et al. (2021). The views of critical care nurses participating in an adult intensive care nursing certification program. Turkish Journal of Intensive Care, 19, 123-30 DOI: 10.4274/tybd.galenos.2020.58076
  • Guerrero-Cantaneda, R.F., Oliva Menezes, T.M., Prado, M.L. (2019). Phenomenology in nursing research: reflection based on Heidegger’s hermeneutics. Escola Anna Nery, 23(4), e20190059. https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0059
  • Halcomb, E., McInnes, S., Williams, A. et al. (2020). The experiences of primary healthcare nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(5), 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12589
  • Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S. et al. (2020). First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 929–936. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191
  • Horrigan-Kelly, M., Millar, M., Dowling, M. (2016). Understanding the key tenets of Heidegger’s philosophy for interpretive phenomenological research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 15(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406916680634
  • Jack, K., Wibberley, C. (2014). The meaning of emotion work to student nurses: A Heideggerian analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(6), 900-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.009
  • Karimi, Z., Fereidouni, Z., Behnammoghadam, M. et al. (2020). The lived experience of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A phenomenological study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13, 1271–1278. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S258785
  • Khalid, I., Khalid, T.J., Qabajah, M.R. et al. (2016). Healthcare workers emotions, perceived stressors and coping strategies during a MERS-CoV outbreak. Clinical Medicine Research, 14(1), 7–14. doi:10.3121/cmr.2016.1303
  • Kıraner, E., Terzi, B., Turkmen, E. et al. (2020). Experiences of Turkish Intensive Care Nurses in the COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 17(3), 284–286. GALE|A639265806
  • Kim, K., Lee, O. (2016). Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Nurses on Personal Protective Equipment: Response to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 23(4), 402–410. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2016.23.4.402
  • Kim, Y. (2018). Nurses’ experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(7), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.012
  • Leng, M., Shi, X., Wei, Y. et al. (2020). Mental distress and influencing factors in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(2), 94-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12528
  • Martín-Rodríguez, F., Sanz-García, A., López-Izquierdo, R. et al. (2020). Predicting health care workers’ tolerance of personal protective equipment: An observational simulation study. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 47, 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2020.07.005
  • Oral, B., Çoban, A. (2020). Kuramdan uygulamaya eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Patel, A., D’Alessandro, M.M., Ireland, K.J. et al. (2017). Personal protective equipment supply chain: Lessons learned from recent public health emergency responses. Health Security, 15(3), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2016.0129
  • Patton, M.Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). United States of America: Sage Publications.
  • Raurell-Torredà, M. (2020). Management of ICU nursing teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enfermeria Intensiva, 31(2), 49–51. doi: 10.1016/j.enfie.2020.04.001
  • Rose, J., Johnson, C.W. (2020). Contextualizing reliability and validity in qualitative research: toward more rigorous and trustworthy qualitative social science in leisure research. Journal of Leisure Research, 51(4), 432-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2020.1722042
  • Scott, M., Unsworth, J. (2020). Lessons from other disciplines about communication, human performance and situational awareness while wearing personal protective equipment. SAGE Open Nursing, 6, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960820963766
  • Silverstein, W.K., Stroud, L., Cleghorn, G.E. et al. (2020). First imported case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia. Lancet, 395(10225), 734. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30370-6
  • Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage Publications.
  • Sperling, D. (2021). Ethical dilemmas, perceived risk, and motivation among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Ethics, 28(1), 9-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020956376
  • Torda, A. (2006). Ethical issues in pandemic planning. Medical Journal of Australia, 14(1), 7-14.
  • Wang, H., Liu, Y., Hu, K. et al. (2020). Healthcare workers’ stress when caring for COVID-19 patients: An altruistic perspective. Nursing Ethics, 27(7), 1490–1500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020934146
  • World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available from https://covid19.who.int/
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Arzu Erkoç

Nuray Turan

Sibel Üren

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date May 29, 2022
Acceptance Date January 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erkoç, A., Turan, N., & Üren, S. (2023). Experiences of nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: An interpretative phenomenological analysis study. Turkish Journal of Science and Health, 4(1), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1120894








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