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Current concepts of diagnosis and treatment of bruxism

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 221 - 228, 01.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.440702

Abstract



Bruxism is the name of
the action of clenching and/or grinding performed on teeth without a functional
purpose such as chewing and grinding. In etiology, morphological, psychological
and parafunctional factors are generally accused. However, due to its
subjective nature, there is no universally recognized common opinion in the
diagnosis of bruxism. Bruxism can occur during sleep or while awake. Sleep
bruxism does not vary depending on sex but awake bruxism is seen mostly in
women. Bruxism can cause problems such as wear and fractures in teeth, loss of
periodontal support and mobility, pain in the masticatory system and orofacial
region, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. There are basically five
methods for bruxism diagnosis. These are questionnaire method, clinical
observation, intraoral appliances, electromyographic analysis of masticator
muscles and polysomnographic evaluation (PSG). Although PSG evaluation is accepted
as the gold standard among these methods, it has some limitations. Clinical
observation is mainly based on tooth wear and changes in soft tissues.
Abfraction, attrition, corrosion and abrasion are named according to the
factors affecting the formation of tooth wear. Conditions where the degree of
wear is high, the tooth is unable to perform its specific function, the cause of
pain and sensitivity, and the level of loss of tooth tissue that requires
restoration is called pathological tooth wear. Differences in the etiology of
bruxism require different approaches on treatment.  Current bruxism treatment approaches are
personal approaches (cognitive-behavioral therapy), pharmacological approaches
and occlusal approaches. The aim of this study is to present current diagnosis
and treatment principles of bruxism. 



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Bruksizmin tanı ve tedavisinde güncel yaklaşımlar

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 221 - 228, 01.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.440702

Abstract



Bruksizm, çiğneme ve
öğütme gibi fonksiyonel bir amaç olmaksızın dişlerde gerçekleştirilen sıkma
ve/veya gıcırdatma hareketinin adıdır. Etiyolojide genel olarak morfolojik,
psikolojik ve parafonksiyonel faktörler suçlanmaktadır. Ancak subjektif olması
yönüyle bruksizm tanısında dünya genelinde kabul görmüş ortak bir görüş
bulunmamaktadır. Bruksizm uyku esnasında veya uyanıkken gerçekleşebilir. Uyku
bruksizmi cinsiyete bağlı farklılık göstermezken, uyanıkken gerçekleşen
bruksizm daha çok

kadınlarda görülmektedir. Bruksizm, dişlerde fraktür
ve aşınmalar, periodontal dokularda destek kaybı ve mobilite, çiğneme
sisteminde ve orofasial bölgede ağrı ile temporomandibular eklem disfonksiyonu
gibi problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Bruksizm tanısında temel olarak beş yöntem
uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar; anket yöntemi, klinik gözlem, ağız içi
apareyleri, çiğneme kaslarının elektromyografik analizi, polisomnografi (PSG)’dir.
Bu yöntemlerin içinde PSG ile değerlendirme gold standart olarak kabul
edilmesine rağmen belirli limitasyonları bulunmaktadır. Klinik gözlemde temel
olarak diş aşınmaları ve yumuşak dokuda görülen değişiklikler izlenmektedir. Diş
aşınmaları oluşumuna etki eden faktörlere göre abfraksiyon, atrizyon, korozyon
ve abrazyon olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Aşınma derecesi fazla olan, dişin
spesifik fonksiyonunu yapamadığı, ağrı ve hassasiyete sebep olduğu ve diş
dokusundaki kaybın restorasyon gerektirecek seviyeye geldiği durumlar patolojik
diş aşınması olarak adlandırılır. Bruksizmin etiyolojisindeki farklılıklar
tedavilerinde de farklı yaklaşımlar gerektirir. Günümüzde bruksizm tedavi
yaklaşımları; kişiye yönelik yaklaşımlar (bilişsel-davranışsal terapi),
farmakolojik yaklaşımlar ve oklüzal yaklaşımlar olarak özetlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bruksizmin güncel tanı ve tedavi
prensiplerini sunmaktır. 



Anahtar Kelimeler: Bruksizm, etiyoloji, diş aşınmaları

References

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  • 2. Okeson JP. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2000, p: 640.
  • 3. Koyano K, Tsukiyama Y, Ichiki R, Kuwata T. Assessment of bruxism in the clinic. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:495-508.
  • 4. Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Raphael K. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:476-94.
  • 5. Klasser G, Greene C. Role of Oral Appliances in the Management of Sleep Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders. Alpha Omegan. 2007;100:111-9.
  • 6. Seligman DA, Pullinger AG, Solberg WK. The prevalence of dental attrition and its association with factors of age, gender, occlusion, and TMJ symptomatology. J Dent Res. 1988;67:1323-33.
  • 7. Kato T, Dal-Fabbro C, Lavigne GJ. Current knowledge on awake and sleep bruxism: overview. Alpha Omegan. 2003;96:24-32.
  • 8. Winocur E, Gavish A, Voikovitch M, Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I. Drugs and bruxism: a critical review. J Orofac Pain. 2003;17:99-111.
  • 9. Glaros AG. Incidence of diurnal and nocturnal bruxism. J Prosthet Dent. 1981;45:545-9.
  • 10. Bader G, Lavigne G. Sleep bruxism; an overview of an oromandibular sleep movement disorder. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4:27-43.
  • 11. Pierce CJ, Chrisman K, Bennett ME, Close JM. Stress, anticipatory stress, and psychologic measures related to sleep bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 1995;9:51-6.
  • 12. Johansson A, Omar R, Carlsson GE. Bruxism and prosthetic treatment: a critical review. J Prosthodont Res. 2011;55:127-36.
  • 13. Safari A, Jowkar Z, Farzin M. Evaluation of the Relationship between Bruxism and Premature Occlusal Contacts. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013:616-21.
  • 14. Rugh JD, Solberg WK. Electromyographic studies of bruxist behavior before and during treatment. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1975;3:56-9.
  • 15. Clark GT, Beemsterboer PL, Solberg WK, Rugh JD. Nocturnal electromyographic evaluation of myofascial pain dysfunction in patients undergoing occlusal splint therapy. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979;99:607-11.
  • 16. Clark GT, Beemsterboer PL, Rugh JD. Nocturnal masseter muscle activity and the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction. J Oral Rehabil. 1981;8:279-86.
  • 17. Rugh JD, Barghi N, Drago CJ. Experimental occlusal discrepancies and nocturnal bruxism. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51:548-53.
  • 18. Miller VJ, Yoeli Z, Barnea E, Zeltser C. The effect of parafunction on condylar asymmetry in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 1998;25:721-4.
  • 19. Young DV, Rinchuse DJ, Pierce CJ, Zullo T. The craniofacial morphology of bruxers versus nonbruxers. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:14-8.
  • 20. Lavigne GJ, Manzini C, Kato T. Sleep Bruxism. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine2005. p. 946-59.
  • 21. Lobbezoo F, Naeije M. Bruxism is mainly regulated centrally, not peripherally. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28:1085-91.
  • 22. L'Estrange PR. Sleep medicine for dentists. A practical overview. Eur J Orthod. 2010;32:351-2.
  • 23. Sjöholm T, Lehtinen I, Helenius H. Masseter muscle activity in diagnosed sleep bruxists compared with non-symptomatic controls. J Sleep Res. 1995;4:48-55.
  • 24. Bader GG, Kampe T, Tagdae T, Karlsson S, Blomqvist M. Descriptive physiological data on a sleep bruxism population. Sleep. 1997;20:982-90.
  • 25. Macaluso GM, Guerra P, Di Giovanni G, Boselli M, Parrino L, Terzano MG. Sleep bruxism is a disorder related to periodic arousals during sleep. J Dent Res. 1998;77:565-73.
  • 26. Reding GR, Zepelin H, Robinson JE, Zimmerman SO, Smith VH. Nocturnal Teeth-Grinding: All-Night Psychophysiologic Studies. J Dent Res. 1968;47:786-97.
  • 27. Rugh JD, Harlan J. Nocturnal bruxism and temporomandibular disorders. Adv Neurol. 1988;49:329-41.
  • 28. Özen NE. Temporomandibuler Bozuklukların Psikiyatrik Yönü ve Bruksizm. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2007;10.
  • 29. Millwood J, Fiske J. Lip-biting in patients with profound neuro-disability. Dent Update. 2001;28:105-8.
  • 30. Tan E-K, Chan L-L, Chang H-M. Severe bruxism following basal ganglia infarcts: insights into pathophysiology. J Neurol Sci. 2004;217:229-32.
  • 31. Manzano FS, Granero LM, Masiero D, Botti MT. Treatment of muscle spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy using BTX-A: a pilot study. Spec Care Dentist. 2004;24:235-9.
  • 32. Louis ED, Tampone E. Bruxism in Huntington's disease. Mov Disord. 2001;16:785-6.
  • 33. Srivastava T, Ahuja M, Srivastava M, Trivedi A. Bruxism as presenting feature of Parkinson's disease. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:457.
  • 34. Magalhães MHCG, C. MH, Kawamura JY, Araújo LCA. General and oral characteristics in Rett syndrome. Spec Care Dentist. 2002;22:147-50.
  • 35. Ahlberg J, Savolainen A, Rantala M, Lindholm H, Könönen M. Reported bruxism and biopsychosocial symptoms: a longitudinal study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32:307-11.
  • 36. Lobbezoo F, Van Der Zaag J, Naeije M. Bruxism: its multiple causes and its effects on dental implants - an updated review. J Oral Rehabil. 2006;33:293-300.
  • 37. Lobbezoo F, Soucy JP, Montplaisir JY, Lavigne GJ. Striatal D2 receptor binding in sleep bruxism: a controlled study with iodine-123-iodobenzamide and single-photon-emission computed tomography. J Dent Res. 1996;75:1804-10.
  • 38. Lobbezoo F, van Denderen RJ, Verheij JG, Naeije M. Reports of SSRI-associated bruxism in the family physician's office. J Orofac Pain. 2001;15:340-6.
  • 39. Dettmar DM, Shaw RM, Tilley AJ. Tooth wear and bruxism: a sleep laboratory investigation. Aust Dent J. 1987;32:421-6.
  • 40. Kato T, Thie NM, Huynh N, Miyawaki S, Lavigne GJ. Topical review: sleep bruxism and the role of peripheral sensory influences. J Orofac Pain. 2003;17:191-213.
  • 41. Reding GR, Rubright WC, Zimmerman SO. Incidence of bruxism. J Dent Res. 1966;45:1198-204.
  • 42. Hublin C, Kaprio J, Partinen M, Koskenvuo M. Sleep bruxism based on self-report in a nationwide twin cohort. J Sleep Res. 1998;7:61-7.
  • 43. Milosevic A, Agrawal N, Redfearn P, Mair L. The occurrence of toothwear in users of Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999;27:283-7.
  • 44. Nadler SC. Bruxism, a classification: critical review. J Am Dent Assoc. 1957;54:615-22.
  • 45. Pingitore G, Chrobak V, Petrie J. The social and psychologic factors of bruxism. J Prosthet Dent. 1991;65:443-6.
  • 46. Selms MKA, Lobbezoo F, Wicks DJ, Hamburger HL, Naeije M. Craniomandibular pain, oral parafunctions, and psychological stress in a longitudinal case study. J Oral Rehabil. 2004;31:738-45.
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There are 85 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Review
Authors

Melike Güleç This is me 0000-0002-8616-2101

Melek Taşsöker 0000-0003-2062-5713

Sevgi Özcan Şener 0000-0002-2349-9292

Publication Date August 1, 2019
Submission Date July 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Güleç M, Taşsöker M, Özcan Şener S. Bruksizmin tanı ve tedavisinde güncel yaklaşımlar. Selcuk Dent J. 2019;6(2):221-8.