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Çeşitli Antiseptik Taşıyıcılarla Karıştırılan Kalsiyum Hidroksitin Enterococcus faecalis üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Etkinliği

Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 28.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.15311/1441.308558

Abstract

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı farklı
antiseptik taşıyıcı-kalsiyum hidroksit (KH) kombinasyonlarının
Enterococcusfaecalis(E.
faecalis
) ile enfekte kök kanallarındaki antibakteriyel etkinliğini dentin
blok modeli kullanarak test etmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kalsiyum
hidroksit ile karıştırılmak üzere kullanılan taşıyıcılar gliserin distile su
karışımı (7:1), oktenidinhidroklorit, %2’lik klorheksidinglukonat, %15’lik
setrimit + %1.5’luk klorheksidinglukonat, %5.25’lik sodyum hipoklorittir.
Altmış adet çekilmiş insan dişi örnekleri hazırlandı. Elli-beş tane kök
segmenti 
E. faecalis ile 2 hafta boyunca enfekte edildi. Örnekler 5 deney
grubu (n=10) ve pozitif kontrol grubuna (n=5) ayrıldı. Antiseptik-kalsiyum
hidroksit karışımları 7 gün boyunca kök kanallarında bekletildi. Beş örnek
sterilliği kontrol etmek için kullanıldı (negatif kontrol). Gates
glidden frezler (# 3, 4, 5) yardımıyla kanal duvarlarından elde edilen dentin
örnekleri fosfat-tamponlu salin (PBS) ve cam boncuk içeren şişelere aktarıldı
ve 30 sn vortekslendi.
  Bakteri içeren
PBS’e seri dilüsyon yapıldı. Her bir dilüsyondan 25 μL halinde damlalar tripton
soya agar plakları üzerine ekildi ve
37°C ‘de 48 saat inkübe edildi. Görünür koloni
sayıları incelendi ve log
10 değerlerine dönüştürüldü. İstatistiksel
analiz için Kruskal-Wallis ve Mann Whitney-U testleri kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Negatif
kontrol grubunda bakteri üremesi görülmezken pozitif  kontrol grubunun bütün
örneklerinde bakteri üremesi gözlemlenmiştir (log103,47 CFU ml-1).
Deney grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır 
(p>0.05).  KH +%2 klorheksidin ve KH+
setrimit-klorheksidin gruplarında E. faecalis biyofilmi tamamen elimine
edilmiştir.  

Sonuçlar: Setrimit-klorheksidin,
oktenidin hidroklorit ve sodyum hipoklorit gibi çeşitli antiseptik ajanlar
kalsiyum hidroksit ile karıştırılarak kullanıldığında kök kanallarından
E.
faecalis
’i elimine etmede etkili bulunmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: antimikrobiyal,  E.
faecalis
,  kök dentini,  kanal-içi medikament

References

  • 1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20:340-9.
  • 2. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, et al. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:86-93.
  • 3. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod. 2008;34:1291-301 e1293.
  • 4. Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1:170-5.
  • 5. Spangberg L. Intracanal medication. Endodontics. 1994;4:627-40.
  • 6. Nerwich A, Figdor D, Messer HH. Ph changes in root dentin over a 4-week period following root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide. J Endod. 1993;19:302-6.
  • 7. Hermann B. Calcium hydroxid als mittelzurn, behandeln und fullen von wurzelkanalen [thesis]. Germany: University of Würzburg. 1920
  • 8. Siqueira JF, Jr., Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: A critical review. Int Endod J. 1999;32:361-9.
  • 9. Stevens RH, Grossman LI. Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament. J Endod. 1983;9:372-4.
  • 10. Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1375-9.
  • 11. Safavi KE, Spangberg LS, Langeland K. Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection. J Endod. 1990;16:207-10.
  • 12. Siqueira JF, Jr., de Uzeda M. Disinfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacteria. J Endod. 1996;22:674-6.
  • 13. Waltimo TMT, Orstavik D, Siren EK, et al. In vitro susceptibility of candida albicans to four disinfectants and their combinations. Int Endod J. 1999;32:421-9.
  • 14. MUTLUAY AT, MUTLUAY M. Sodyum hİpoklorİt: Endodontİde kullanim alanlari. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:258-65.
  • 15. Alacam T, Yoldas HO, Gulen O. Dentin penetration of 2 calcium hydroxide combinations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86:469-72.
  • 16. Abdullah M, Ng YL, Gulabivala K, et al. Susceptibilties of two enterococcus faecalis phenotypes to root canal medications. J Endod. 2005;31:30-6.
  • 17. de Lucena JM, Decker EM, Walter C, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments on enterococcus faecalis: Chlorhexidine versus octenidine. Int Endod J. 2013;46:53-61.
  • 18. Tirali RE, Bodur H, Sipahi B, et al. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite and octenidine hydrochloride in vitro. Aust Endod J. 2013;39:15-8.
  • 19. Haapasalo HK, Siren EK, Waltimo TM, et al. Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentine: An in vitro study. Int Endod J. 2000;33:126-31.
  • 20. Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6:142-9.
  • 21. Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Biology of disease: Free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest. 1982;47:412-26.
  • 22. Siqueira Junior JF. Tratamento das infecções endodônticas. Tratamento das infecções endodônticas. Medsi; 1997.
  • 23. Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, Walsh LJ. The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:S64-S82.
  • 24. Gomes BPFdA, Ferraz CCR, Vianna ME, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes and their vehicles against selected microorganisms. Braz Dental J. 2002;13:155-61.
  • 25. Sedlock DM, Bailey DM. Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis[pyridine] germicidal agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28:786-90.
  • 26. Slee AM, O'Connor JR. In vitro antiplaque activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against preformed plaques of selected oral plaque-forming microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;23:379-84.
  • 27. Buhrer C, Bahr S, Siebert J, et al. Use of 2% 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.1% octenidine as antiseptic in premature newborn infants of 23-26 weeks gestation. J Hosp Infect. 2002;51:305-7.
  • 28. Kramer A, Roth B, Muller G, et al. Influence of the antiseptic agents polyhexanide and octenidine on fl cells and on healing of experimental superficial aseptic wounds in piglets. A double-blind, randomised, stratified, controlled, parallel-group study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004;17:141-6.
  • 29. Heeg P. [antisepsis of mucous membranes--current status and aspects of future development]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1990;36:83-6.
  • 30. Tirali RE, Turan Y, Akal N, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of naocl and octenisept in elimination of endodontic pathogens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:E117-E20.
  • 31. Sahinkesen G, Oktay EA, Er O, et al. Evaluation of residual antimicrobial effects and surface changes of gutta-percha disinfected with different solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011;12:47-51.
  • 32. Tirali RE, Gulsahi K, Cehreli SB, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride, mtad and chlorhexidine gluconate mixed with calcium hydroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14:456-60.
  • 33. Davies GE, Francis J, Martin AR, et al. 1:6-di-4'-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane (hibitane); laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1954;9:192-6.
  • 34. Lawrence C. Antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of chlorhexidine. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 1960;49:731-4.
  • 35. Portenier I, Waltimo T, Orstavik D, et al. Killing of enterococcus faecalis by mtad and chlorhexidine digluconate with or without cetrimide in the presence or absence of dentine powder or bsa. J Endod. 2006;32:138-41.
  • 36. Haenni S, Schmidlin PR, Mueller B, et al. Chemical and antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide mixed with irrigating solutions. Int Endod J. 2003;36:100-5.
  • 37. Siren EK, Haapasalo MP, Waltimo TM, et al. In vitro antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine or iodine potassium iodide on enterococcus faecalis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:326-31.
  • 38. Jones DS, Brown AF, Woolfson AD, et al. Examination of the physical state of chlorhexidine within viscoelastic, bioadhesive semisolids using raman spectroscopy. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2000;89:563-71.
  • 39. Zehnder M, Grawehr M, Hasselgren G, et al. Tissue-dissolution capacity and dentin-disinfecting potential of calcium hydroxide mixed with irrigating solutions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96:608-13.
  • 40. Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55:307-12.
  • 41. Frais S, Ng YL, Gulabivala K. Some factors affecting the concentration of available chlorine in commercial sources of sodium hypochlorite. Int Endod J. 2001;34:206-15.
Year 2017, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 51, 28.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.15311/1441.308558

Abstract

References

  • 1. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965;20:340-9.
  • 2. Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, et al. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;85:86-93.
  • 3. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN. Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures. J Endod. 2008;34:1291-301 e1293.
  • 4. Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1:170-5.
  • 5. Spangberg L. Intracanal medication. Endodontics. 1994;4:627-40.
  • 6. Nerwich A, Figdor D, Messer HH. Ph changes in root dentin over a 4-week period following root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide. J Endod. 1993;19:302-6.
  • 7. Hermann B. Calcium hydroxid als mittelzurn, behandeln und fullen von wurzelkanalen [thesis]. Germany: University of Würzburg. 1920
  • 8. Siqueira JF, Jr., Lopes HP. Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide: A critical review. Int Endod J. 1999;32:361-9.
  • 9. Stevens RH, Grossman LI. Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament. J Endod. 1983;9:372-4.
  • 10. Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res. 1987;66:1375-9.
  • 11. Safavi KE, Spangberg LS, Langeland K. Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection. J Endod. 1990;16:207-10.
  • 12. Siqueira JF, Jr., de Uzeda M. Disinfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacteria. J Endod. 1996;22:674-6.
  • 13. Waltimo TMT, Orstavik D, Siren EK, et al. In vitro susceptibility of candida albicans to four disinfectants and their combinations. Int Endod J. 1999;32:421-9.
  • 14. MUTLUAY AT, MUTLUAY M. Sodyum hİpoklorİt: Endodontİde kullanim alanlari. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;25:258-65.
  • 15. Alacam T, Yoldas HO, Gulen O. Dentin penetration of 2 calcium hydroxide combinations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998;86:469-72.
  • 16. Abdullah M, Ng YL, Gulabivala K, et al. Susceptibilties of two enterococcus faecalis phenotypes to root canal medications. J Endod. 2005;31:30-6.
  • 17. de Lucena JM, Decker EM, Walter C, et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments on enterococcus faecalis: Chlorhexidine versus octenidine. Int Endod J. 2013;46:53-61.
  • 18. Tirali RE, Bodur H, Sipahi B, et al. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite and octenidine hydrochloride in vitro. Aust Endod J. 2013;39:15-8.
  • 19. Haapasalo HK, Siren EK, Waltimo TM, et al. Inactivation of local root canal medicaments by dentine: An in vitro study. Int Endod J. 2000;33:126-31.
  • 20. Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1990;6:142-9.
  • 21. Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Biology of disease: Free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest. 1982;47:412-26.
  • 22. Siqueira Junior JF. Tratamento das infecções endodônticas. Tratamento das infecções endodônticas. Medsi; 1997.
  • 23. Athanassiadis B, Abbott PV, Walsh LJ. The use of calcium hydroxide, antibiotics and biocides as antimicrobial medicaments in endodontics. Aust Dent J. 2007;52:S64-S82.
  • 24. Gomes BPFdA, Ferraz CCR, Vianna ME, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide pastes and their vehicles against selected microorganisms. Braz Dental J. 2002;13:155-61.
  • 25. Sedlock DM, Bailey DM. Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis[pyridine] germicidal agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28:786-90.
  • 26. Slee AM, O'Connor JR. In vitro antiplaque activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against preformed plaques of selected oral plaque-forming microorganisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983;23:379-84.
  • 27. Buhrer C, Bahr S, Siebert J, et al. Use of 2% 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.1% octenidine as antiseptic in premature newborn infants of 23-26 weeks gestation. J Hosp Infect. 2002;51:305-7.
  • 28. Kramer A, Roth B, Muller G, et al. Influence of the antiseptic agents polyhexanide and octenidine on fl cells and on healing of experimental superficial aseptic wounds in piglets. A double-blind, randomised, stratified, controlled, parallel-group study. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2004;17:141-6.
  • 29. Heeg P. [antisepsis of mucous membranes--current status and aspects of future development]. Z Gesamte Hyg 1990;36:83-6.
  • 30. Tirali RE, Turan Y, Akal N, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of naocl and octenisept in elimination of endodontic pathogens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:E117-E20.
  • 31. Sahinkesen G, Oktay EA, Er O, et al. Evaluation of residual antimicrobial effects and surface changes of gutta-percha disinfected with different solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2011;12:47-51.
  • 32. Tirali RE, Gulsahi K, Cehreli SB, et al. Antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride, mtad and chlorhexidine gluconate mixed with calcium hydroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14:456-60.
  • 33. Davies GE, Francis J, Martin AR, et al. 1:6-di-4'-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane (hibitane); laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1954;9:192-6.
  • 34. Lawrence C. Antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of chlorhexidine. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association 1960;49:731-4.
  • 35. Portenier I, Waltimo T, Orstavik D, et al. Killing of enterococcus faecalis by mtad and chlorhexidine digluconate with or without cetrimide in the presence or absence of dentine powder or bsa. J Endod. 2006;32:138-41.
  • 36. Haenni S, Schmidlin PR, Mueller B, et al. Chemical and antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide mixed with irrigating solutions. Int Endod J. 2003;36:100-5.
  • 37. Siren EK, Haapasalo MP, Waltimo TM, et al. In vitro antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine or iodine potassium iodide on enterococcus faecalis. Eur J Oral Sci. 2004;112:326-31.
  • 38. Jones DS, Brown AF, Woolfson AD, et al. Examination of the physical state of chlorhexidine within viscoelastic, bioadhesive semisolids using raman spectroscopy. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 2000;89:563-71.
  • 39. Zehnder M, Grawehr M, Hasselgren G, et al. Tissue-dissolution capacity and dentin-disinfecting potential of calcium hydroxide mixed with irrigating solutions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003;96:608-13.
  • 40. Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983;55:307-12.
  • 41. Frais S, Ng YL, Gulabivala K. Some factors affecting the concentration of available chlorine in commercial sources of sodium hypochlorite. Int Endod J. 2001;34:206-15.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Research
Authors

Makbule Bilge Akbulut

Mehmet Burak Güneşer

Ayçe Ünverdi Eldeniz

Publication Date July 28, 2017
Submission Date April 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Akbulut MB, Güneşer MB, Ünverdi Eldeniz A. Çeşitli Antiseptik Taşıyıcılarla Karıştırılan Kalsiyum Hidroksitin Enterococcus faecalis üzerindeki Antimikrobiyal Etkinliği. Selcuk Dent J. 2017;4(2):44-51.