Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Anatomy, Variation and Pathologies of Sternum, Sternoclavicular and Sternocostal Joints
Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to assess the sternum's morphology and morphometry, and to find anomalies and diseases using breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods: Retrospective evaluations of 320 breast MRIs were conducted. Congenital abnormalities accompanying pathological conditions were investigated. The sternum overall’s length, the manubrium-corpus’ width and length, and the manubrium-corpus-xiphoid’s shape were all measured. The relationship between the manubriosternal fusion and age was analyzed.
Results: Pectus excavatum, sternal band, sternal foramen, angled sternum and the sternal band, rachitic rosary, intraosseous ganglion, sternoclavicular joint degeneration, sternoclavicular joint ganglion cyst and costal cartilage calcifications, breast carcinoma metastasis, enchondroma and invasion of costal cartilages by malignant mesenchymal tumour were determined. The average length of the sternum was 144±14 mm, the manubrium length is 46±6 mm and the corpus length is 89±10 mm for adults. Manubrium was most commonly trapezoid in shape, the corpus was longitudinal oval and xiphoid was flat. 67% had no manubriosternal fusion. The degree of manubriosternal fusion did not show statistically significant correlation with increasing age.
Conclusion: The sternum, sternoclavicular, and sternocostal joints are susceptible to a wide range of congenital abnormalities and clinical conditions. Age increase has no relation to manubriosternal fusion.
Supporting Institution
No
Project Number
N7A
References
- 1. Akin K, Kosehan D, Topcu A, Koktener A. Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(4):447-452. doi:10.1007/s00256-010-1022-1
- 2. Niggemann P, Wildberger JE, Gunther RW, Mahnken AH. Multislice computed tomography of the sternum: which image reconstruction do we need? Radiat Med. 2005;23(7):491-496.
- 3. Singh J, Pathak RK. Morphometric sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a north Indian autopsy sample: sexing efficacy of different statistical techniques and a comparison with other sexing methods. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;228(1-3):174.e1-10. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.020
- 4. Hunnargi SA, Menezes RG, Kanchan T, et al. Sternal index: Is it a reliable indicator of sex in the Maharashtrian population of India? J Forensic Leg Med. 2009;16(2):56-8. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.08.004
- 5. Hunnargi SA, Menezes RG, Kanchan T, et al. Sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in a Maharashtrian population of India: a morphometric analysis. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2008;10(1):6-10. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.05.011
- 6. Selthofer R, Nikolic V, Mrcela T, et al. Morphometric analysis of the sternum. Coll Antropol. 2006;30(1):43-47.
- 7. Atesoglu S. Assessment of morphological characteristics and gender differences in sternum by multislice CT. Harran University, Health Sciences Institute, Anatomy Department, Master thesis. Sanlıurfa, Turkey. 2012
- 8. Bongiovanni R, Spradley MK. Estimating sex of the human skeleton based on metrics of the sternum. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;219(1-3):290.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.034
- 9. Ramadan SU, Turkmen N, Dolgun NA, et al. Sex determination from measurements of the sternum and fourth rib using multislice computed tomography of the chest. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;197(1-3):120.e1-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.049
- 10. Macaluso PJ Jr. The efficacy of sternal measurements for sex estimation in South African blacks. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;202(1-3):111.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.07.019
- 11. Yekeler E, Tunaci M, Tunaci A, Dursun M, Acunas G. Frequency of sternal variations and anomalies evaluated by MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(4):956-960. doi:10.2214/AJR.04.1779
- 12. Restrepo CS, Martinez S, Lemos DF, et al. Imaging appearances of the sternum and sternoclavicular joints. Radiographics. 2009;29(3):839-859. doi:10.1148/rg.293055136
- 13. Aslam M, Rajesh A, Entwisle J, Jeyapalan K. Pictorial review: MRI of the sternum and sternoclavicular joints. Br J Radiol. 2002;75(895):627-634. doi:10.1259/bjr.75.895.750627
- 14. Baker JC, Demertzis JL. Manubrial stress fractures diagnosed on MRI: report of two cases and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol. 2016;45(6):833-837. doi:10.1007/s00256-016-2357-z
- 15. Yang M, Jiang H, Yu X, et al. Sternal Development and Variations and Anomalies in Patients With Microtia: Evaluation Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography. J J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017;41(5):784-791. doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000000590
- 16. Ucar EA, Durur-Subasi I, Yilmaz KB, Arikok AT, Hekimoglu B. Quantitative perfusion parameters of benign inflammatory breast pathologies: A descriptive study. Clin Imaging. 2020;68:249-256. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.08.024
- 17. Guven S, Durur-Subasi I, Demirci E, et al. Mass and non-mass breast MRI patterns: a radiologic approach to sick lobe theory. Acta Radiol. 2021;62(6):715-721. doi:10.1177/0284185120941825
- 18. Durur-Subasi I, Durur-Karakaya A, Karaman A, Seker M, Demirci E, Alper F. Is the necrosis/wall ADC ratio useful for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions? Br J Radiol. 2017;90:20160803. doi:10.1259/bjr.20160803
- 19. Irmak Durur Subaşı. Breast Imaging for Non-radiologists. Erciyes Med J. 2022;44(2):129-137. 20. Durur Subasi I, Karaman A, Demirci E, Şipal S, Akçay MN. The benign mimickers of carcinoma on breast MRI. J Mind Med Sci. 2022;9:96-101.
- 21. Pekcan M. Determination of age and sex according to the degree of fusion of sternal bone and segments with multislice CT imaging. Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Department of Radiology. PhD Thesis, Istanbul, Turkey. 2014
- 22. Garg A, Goyal N, Gorea RK, Bharwa J. Radiological age estimation from manubrio-sternal joint in living population of Punjab. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol. 2011;11: 69-71.
Sternum, Sternoklavikular ve Sternokostal Eklemlerin Anatomi, Varyasyon ve Patolojilerinin Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Bulguları
Abstract
Amaç: Sternum, sternoklavikular ve sternokostal eklemlerin morfoloji ve morfometrisini değerlendirmek ve meme manyetik rezonans görüntülemede (MRG) anomali ve patolojileri saptamak amaçlandı.
Materyal ve Metot: 3 Tesla ana mayetik alan gücündeki bir sistemle elde edilen, 320 kadına ait meme MRG tetkikleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Konjenital anormallikler ve eşlik eden patolojik durumlar araştırıldı. Toplam sternumun uzunluğu, manubrium-korpus genişliği ve uzunluğu ve manubrium-korpus-ksifoid şeklinin tümü ölçüldü. Manubriosternal füzyon ile yaş arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Pektus ekskavatum, sternal bant, sternal foramen, açılı sternum (ve Poland sendromu), raşitik rozari, intraosseöz ganglion, sternoklavikular eklem dejenerasyonu, sternoklavikular eklem ganglion kisti ve kostal kıkırdak kalsifikasyonları, meme karsinomu metastazı, enkondrom ve malign mezenkimal tümör tarafından kostal kıkırdak invazyonu belirlendi. Morfometrik analiz, kadın erişkinlerde ortalama sternum uzunluğunun 144±14 mm, manubrium uzunluğunun 46±6 mm ve korpus uzunluğunun 89±10 mm olduğunu göstermiştir. Manubrium en yaygın olarak yamuk şeklinde, korpus uzunlamasına oval ve ksifoid düzdü. Olguların çoğunda (%67) manubriosternal füzyon yoktu. Manubriosternal füzyon derecesi, artan yaş ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon göstermedi.
Sonuç: Birçok doğumsal anomali ve patolojik süreç sternum, sternoklavikular ve sternokostal eklemleri etkileyebilir. Manubriosternal füzyon artan yaşla ilişkili değildir ve yaş tespiti için kullanılması uygun olmayabilir.
Project Number
N7A
References
- 1. Akin K, Kosehan D, Topcu A, Koktener A. Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(4):447-452. doi:10.1007/s00256-010-1022-1
- 2. Niggemann P, Wildberger JE, Gunther RW, Mahnken AH. Multislice computed tomography of the sternum: which image reconstruction do we need? Radiat Med. 2005;23(7):491-496.
- 3. Singh J, Pathak RK. Morphometric sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a north Indian autopsy sample: sexing efficacy of different statistical techniques and a comparison with other sexing methods. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;228(1-3):174.e1-10. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.020
- 4. Hunnargi SA, Menezes RG, Kanchan T, et al. Sternal index: Is it a reliable indicator of sex in the Maharashtrian population of India? J Forensic Leg Med. 2009;16(2):56-8. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.08.004
- 5. Hunnargi SA, Menezes RG, Kanchan T, et al. Sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in a Maharashtrian population of India: a morphometric analysis. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2008;10(1):6-10. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.05.011
- 6. Selthofer R, Nikolic V, Mrcela T, et al. Morphometric analysis of the sternum. Coll Antropol. 2006;30(1):43-47.
- 7. Atesoglu S. Assessment of morphological characteristics and gender differences in sternum by multislice CT. Harran University, Health Sciences Institute, Anatomy Department, Master thesis. Sanlıurfa, Turkey. 2012
- 8. Bongiovanni R, Spradley MK. Estimating sex of the human skeleton based on metrics of the sternum. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;219(1-3):290.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.034
- 9. Ramadan SU, Turkmen N, Dolgun NA, et al. Sex determination from measurements of the sternum and fourth rib using multislice computed tomography of the chest. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;197(1-3):120.e1-5. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.049
- 10. Macaluso PJ Jr. The efficacy of sternal measurements for sex estimation in South African blacks. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;202(1-3):111.e1-7. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.07.019
- 11. Yekeler E, Tunaci M, Tunaci A, Dursun M, Acunas G. Frequency of sternal variations and anomalies evaluated by MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(4):956-960. doi:10.2214/AJR.04.1779
- 12. Restrepo CS, Martinez S, Lemos DF, et al. Imaging appearances of the sternum and sternoclavicular joints. Radiographics. 2009;29(3):839-859. doi:10.1148/rg.293055136
- 13. Aslam M, Rajesh A, Entwisle J, Jeyapalan K. Pictorial review: MRI of the sternum and sternoclavicular joints. Br J Radiol. 2002;75(895):627-634. doi:10.1259/bjr.75.895.750627
- 14. Baker JC, Demertzis JL. Manubrial stress fractures diagnosed on MRI: report of two cases and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol. 2016;45(6):833-837. doi:10.1007/s00256-016-2357-z
- 15. Yang M, Jiang H, Yu X, et al. Sternal Development and Variations and Anomalies in Patients With Microtia: Evaluation Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography. J J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2017;41(5):784-791. doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000000590
- 16. Ucar EA, Durur-Subasi I, Yilmaz KB, Arikok AT, Hekimoglu B. Quantitative perfusion parameters of benign inflammatory breast pathologies: A descriptive study. Clin Imaging. 2020;68:249-256. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.08.024
- 17. Guven S, Durur-Subasi I, Demirci E, et al. Mass and non-mass breast MRI patterns: a radiologic approach to sick lobe theory. Acta Radiol. 2021;62(6):715-721. doi:10.1177/0284185120941825
- 18. Durur-Subasi I, Durur-Karakaya A, Karaman A, Seker M, Demirci E, Alper F. Is the necrosis/wall ADC ratio useful for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions? Br J Radiol. 2017;90:20160803. doi:10.1259/bjr.20160803
- 19. Irmak Durur Subaşı. Breast Imaging for Non-radiologists. Erciyes Med J. 2022;44(2):129-137. 20. Durur Subasi I, Karaman A, Demirci E, Şipal S, Akçay MN. The benign mimickers of carcinoma on breast MRI. J Mind Med Sci. 2022;9:96-101.
- 21. Pekcan M. Determination of age and sex according to the degree of fusion of sternal bone and segments with multislice CT imaging. Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty Department of Radiology. PhD Thesis, Istanbul, Turkey. 2014
- 22. Garg A, Goyal N, Gorea RK, Bharwa J. Radiological age estimation from manubrio-sternal joint in living population of Punjab. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol. 2011;11: 69-71.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | N7A |
| Early Pub Date | May 31, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 6, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 2, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | March 14, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2 |
