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INVESTIGATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CASE OF SUICIDE

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 3 - 12, 27.03.2023

Abstract

Suicidal behavior is a lifelong global condition. The study was conducted to investigate the psychological characteristics of individuals who attempted suicide, had suicidal ideation and did not have suicidal ideation or attempt. Study sample consisted of 482 people aged between 18-55, 108 of whom were suicide attempter, 197 were suicidal-ideators and 177 were non-ideator. Data was collected through Demographic-Information Form, Suicide Probability Scale, The Psychache Scale, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness about Death and General Attitudes and Beliefs Scale Short Form. ANOVA was used to compare the means of independent groups. Pearson Chi-Square and Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to examine the relationship between categorical variables and continuous variables. Suicide attempters had higher scores on anger/impulsivity, interpersonal needs, perceived burdensomeness, acquired capability for suicide, depression and psychache than suicidal ideators. These scores were higher in suicidal ideators than in non-ideators. Suicide attempters, suicidal ideators and non-ideators differed in terms of gender, psychological support, death by suicide in the family, diagnosed psychiatric illness, use of psychiatric medication, and psychiatric diagnosis in the family. This study demonstrates the psychological characteristics of individuals may be important in the evaluation of suicide cases.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Project Number

Yok

Thanks

Not applicable.

References

  • Artıran, M. (2019). The adaptation of shortened general attitudes and beliefs scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Inonu University Journal of The Faculty of Education, 20(3), 842-858.
  • Bagge, C.L., Lamis, A., Nadorff, M. & Osman, A. (2013). Relations between hopelessness, depressive symptoms and suicidality: mediation by reasons for living. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 18-31.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences. 7(1), 231-274.
  • Batigün, A.D. & Şahin, N.H. (2018). Suicide Probability Scale: Revision, validity and reliability. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 52-64.
  • Beck, A. T. (1961). An ınventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 6, 561-571.
  • Benson, T., Corry, C., O’Neill, S., Murphy, S. & Bunting, B. (2018). Use of prescription medication by ındividuals who died by suicide in Northern Ireland. Archives of Suicide Research, 22(1), 139-152.
  • Bertolote, J.M., Fleischmann, A., Deleo, D. & Wasserman, D. (2014). Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence. Crisis, 25(1), 147–55.
  • Campos, R.C., Gomes, M., Holden, R.R., Piteira, M. & Rainha A. (2017). Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ıdeation? Death Studies, 41(4), 241–245.
  • Chang, E.C., Díaz, L., Lee, J., Lucas, A.G., Powell, N.J., Kafelghazal, S. & Jeglic, E.L. (2017). Ethnic identity and loneliness in predicting suicide risk in latino college students. Hisp J Behav Sci, 39(4), 470-485.
  • Chu C., Buchman-Schmitt. J.M., Stanley. I.H., Hom, M.A., Tucker R.P., Hagan, C.R., Rogers, M.L., Podlogar, M.C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F.B., Michaels, M.S., Patros, C.H.G. & Joiner, T.E. (2017), The ınterpersonal theory of suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345.
  • Christensen, H., Batterham, P.J., Mackinnon, A.J., Donker, T., & Soubelet. A. (2014). Predictors of the risk factors for suicide ıdentified by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour. Psychiatry Research, 219(2), 290–297.
  • Damirchi, E.S., & Samadifard, H.R. (2018). The role of irrational beliefs, mindfulness and cognitive avoidance in the prediction of suicidal thoughts in soldiers. Journal of Military Medicine, 20(4), 431-438.
  • Delam, H., & Bazrafshan, M.R. (2019). Anxiety and self-esteem score in adults with a suicide attempt history. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 7(4), 166-170.
  • Demi̇rbaş, H., Çelik, S., Ilhan, I.Ö. & Doğan, Y.B. (2003). An examination of suicide probability in alcoholic in-patients. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 38(1), 67-70.
  • Demirkol, M.E., Uğur, K & Tamam, L. (2020). The mediating effects of psychache and dissociation in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide attempts. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg-Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(5), 453-460.
  • Demirkol, M.E., Güleç, H., Çakmak, S., Namlı, Z., Güleç, M., Güçlü, N & Tamam, L. (2018). Reliability and validity study of the turkish version ofthe psychache scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg-Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 14-20.
  • Dillon, K.H., Van Voorhees, E. E. & Elbogen, E.B. (2019). Associations between anger and suicidal ideation and attempts: A prospective study using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 122, 17–21.
  • Dong, M., Wang, S.B., Li, Y., Xu, D.D., Ungvari, G. S. & Xiang, Y.T. (2018). Prevalence of suicidal behaviors in patients with major depressive disorder in china: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225(1), 32–39.
  • Ducasse, M., Holden, R.R., Boyer, L., Artero, S., Calati, R., Guillaume, S &. Olié, E. (2017). Psychological pain in suicidality: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 78(3), 44-51.
  • Duica, L., Dragulescu, V & Pirlog, M. (2020). Neurobiological elements of hopelessness and ımpulsivity in suicidal behavior international. Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4(11) 1-4.
  • Eskin, M. (2014). İntihar: Açıklama, Değerlendirme, Tedavi ve Önleme. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Eskin, M., Arslantaş, H., Öztürk, C. Ş & Eskin, B. (2020). An investigation of the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of the interpersonal needs questionnaire and acquired capability for suicide-fearlessness about death scale. Journal of clinical psychiatry-Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(2), 161-169.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
  • Hjorthoj, C. R., Madsen, T., Agerbo, E & Nordentoft, M. (2014). Risk of suicide according to level of psychiatric treatment: A nationwide nested case–control study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(9), 1357-1365.
  • Joiner, T. (2005). Why People Die By Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Keilp, J.G., Gorlyn, M., Oquendo, M.A., Brodsky, B., Ellıs, S.P., Stanley, B & John Mann, J. (2006). Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression. Psychological Medicine, 36 (12), 1779-1788.
  • Kendler, K.S., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J., Sundquist, K & Edwards, A.C. (2020). The sources of parent-child transmission of risk for suicide attempt and deaths by suicide in Swedish national samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(10), 928-935.
  • Kene, P & Howey, J.D. (2014). Predictors of suicide attempt status: acquired capability, ideation, and reasons. Psychiatric Quarterly, 85(4), 427–437.
  • Kim, S & Yang, E. (2015). Suicidal ideation in gay men and lesbians in South Korea: A test of the interpersonal‐psychological model. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 45(17), 98-110.
  • Kirkcaldy, B.D., Siefen, G.R., Urkin, J & Merrick, J. (2006). Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents. Minerva Pediatrica, 58(5), 443-450.
  • Klonsky, E.D., Saffer, B.Y & Bryan, C. J. (2018). Ideation to action theories of suicide: A conceptual and empirical update. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 38–43.
  • Lambert, C. E., Troister, T., Ramadan, Z., Montemarano, V., Fekken, G.C & Holden, R.R. (2020). Psychache predicts suicide attempter status change in students starting university. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 50(3), 668-678.
  • Lindner, H., Kirkby, R., Wertheim, E & Birch, P. (1999). A brief assessment of irrational thinking: The shortened general attitude and belief scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23(6), 651–663.
  • Ma, J., Batterham, P.J., Calear, A.L & Han, J. (2016). A systematic review of the predictions of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 46(1), 34-45.
  • Mann, J.J., Arango, V.A., Avenevoli, S., Brent, D.A., Champagne, F.A., Clayton, P & Wenzel, A. (2009). Candidate endophenotypes for genetic studies of suicidal behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 65(7), 556-563.
  • Maris, R.W. (1992). How are suicides different? In R.W. Maris, A.L. Berman, J.T. Maltsberger, & R.I. Yufit, Assessment and prediction of suicide (pp. 65–87). The Guilford Press.
  • Meerwijk, E. L., Parekh, A., Oquendo, M. A., Allen, I. E., Franck, L. S & Lee, K.A. (2016). Direct versus indirect psychosocial and behavioral interventions to prevent suicide and suicide attempts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(6), 544-554.
  • Miranda-Mendizabal, A., Castellvi, P., Pares-Badell, O., Alayo, I., Almenara, J., Alonso, I & Alonso, J. (2019). Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Public Health, 64(2), 265-283.
  • Mortensen, P.B., Agerbo, E., Erikson, T., Qin, P & Westergaard-Nielsen, N. (2000). Psychiatric illness and risk factors for suicide in Denmark. The Lancet, 355(9197), 9–12.
  • Moscicki, E.K. (1994). Gender differences in completed and attempted suicides. Annals of Epidemiology, 4(2), 152-158.
  • Naidoo, S & Collings, S. (2018). A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in a sample of mental health outpatients. South African Journal of Psychology, 1-16.
  • Niu, L., Jia, C., Ma, Z., Wang, G., Sun, B., Zhang, D & Zhou, L. (2020). Loneliness, hopelessness and suicide in later life: a case–control psychological autopsy study in rural China. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, 1-7.
  • Ohring, R., Apter, A., Ratzoni, G., Weizman, R., Tyano, S & Plutchik, R. (1996). State and trait anxiety in adolescent suicide attempters. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35(2), 154-7.
  • Öner, N & Le Compte, A. (1998). Durumluluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Pervin, M. M & Ferdowshi, N. (2016). Suicidal ideation in relation to depression, loneliness and hopelessness among university students. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(1), 57-64.
  • Pirkis, J & Burgess, P. (1998). Suicide and recency of health care contacts. a systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 173(6), 462-474.
  • Posner, K., Oquendo, M.A., Gould, M., Stanley, B & Davies, M. (2007). Columbia classification algorithm of suicide assessment (C-CASA): Classification of suicidal events in the FDA's pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry, 164(1), 1035–1043.
  • Ribeiro, J.D., Witte, T.K., Van Orden, K.A., Selby, E.A., Gordon, K.H., Bender, T.W & Joiner, T.E. (2014). Fearlessness about death: the psychometric properties and construct validity of the revision to the acquired capability for suicide scale. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 115–126.
  • Shneidman, E.S. (1993). Suicide as psychache. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(3), 145–147.
  • Singh, P., Solanki, R.K & Bhatnagar, P.S. (2008). BIS-11A-Hindi version: A preliminary study of impulsivity in rural and urban Indian adolescents. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(2), 96-99.
  • Spielberger, C.D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L.F.& Natalicio, D. S. (1971). The state-trait anxiety inventory. Interam J Psychol, 5(3-4), 145-158.
  • TÜİK. (2021). İntihar İstatistikleri. Retrieved from https://Data.Tuik.Gov.Tr /Search/Search?Text=İntihar Van Orden, K.A., Witte, T.K., Cukrowicz, K.C., Braithwaite, S.R., Selby, E.A & Joiner, T.E. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575-600.
  • WHO. (2021, Sep). Crude suicide rates (per 100 000 population, SDG 3.4.2). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/crude-suicide-rates-(per-100-000-population)

İNTİHAR OLGUSUNDA PSİKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 3 - 12, 27.03.2023

Abstract

İntihar davranışı yaşam boyu meydana gelen küresel bir durumdur. Bu araştırma, intihar girişiminde bulunan, intihar düşüncesi olan ve intihar düşüncesi veya girişimi olmayan bireylerin psikolojik özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-55 yaş aralığında, 108 intihar girişiminde bulunan, 197 yalnızca intihar düşüncesi olan ve 177 intihar düşüncesi ve girişimi olmayan toplamda 482 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Demografik Bilgi Formu, İntihar Olasılığı Ölçeği, Psikolojik Acı Ölçeği, Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri, Kişilerarası İhtiyaçlar Anketi, Edinilmiş İntihar Yeterliliği-Ölüm Korkusuzluğu Ölçeği, Genel Tutumlar ve İnanışlar Ölçeği-Kısa Formu ile toplanmıştır. Bağımsız grupların ortalamalarının karşılaştırılmasında Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi(ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Kategorik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Pearson Ki-Kare, sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. İntihar girişiminde bulunanların öfke/dürtüsellik, kişilerarası ihtiyaçlar, algılanan yük olma, edinilmiş intihar yeterliliği, depresyon ve psikolojik acı puanlarının yalnızca intihar düşüncesi olanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu puanlar, intihar düşüncesi olanlarda intihar düşüncesi olmayanlara göre daha yüksektir. İntihar girişiminde bulunanlar, intihar düşüncesi olanlar ve olmayanlar arasında cinsiyet, psikolojik destek, ailede intihar nedeniyle ölüm, psikiyatrik bozukluk tanısı alma, ailede psikiyatrik ilaç kullanımı ve ailede psikiyatrik tanı açısından farklılık olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamız intihar olgularının değerlendirilmesinde bireylerin psikolojik özelliklerinin önemli olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgular ilgili alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Project Number

Yok

References

  • Artıran, M. (2019). The adaptation of shortened general attitudes and beliefs scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Inonu University Journal of The Faculty of Education, 20(3), 842-858.
  • Bagge, C.L., Lamis, A., Nadorff, M. & Osman, A. (2013). Relations between hopelessness, depressive symptoms and suicidality: mediation by reasons for living. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 18-31.
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences. 7(1), 231-274.
  • Batigün, A.D. & Şahin, N.H. (2018). Suicide Probability Scale: Revision, validity and reliability. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 52-64.
  • Beck, A. T. (1961). An ınventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 6, 561-571.
  • Benson, T., Corry, C., O’Neill, S., Murphy, S. & Bunting, B. (2018). Use of prescription medication by ındividuals who died by suicide in Northern Ireland. Archives of Suicide Research, 22(1), 139-152.
  • Bertolote, J.M., Fleischmann, A., Deleo, D. & Wasserman, D. (2014). Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence. Crisis, 25(1), 147–55.
  • Campos, R.C., Gomes, M., Holden, R.R., Piteira, M. & Rainha A. (2017). Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ıdeation? Death Studies, 41(4), 241–245.
  • Chang, E.C., Díaz, L., Lee, J., Lucas, A.G., Powell, N.J., Kafelghazal, S. & Jeglic, E.L. (2017). Ethnic identity and loneliness in predicting suicide risk in latino college students. Hisp J Behav Sci, 39(4), 470-485.
  • Chu C., Buchman-Schmitt. J.M., Stanley. I.H., Hom, M.A., Tucker R.P., Hagan, C.R., Rogers, M.L., Podlogar, M.C., Chiurliza, B., Ringer, F.B., Michaels, M.S., Patros, C.H.G. & Joiner, T.E. (2017), The ınterpersonal theory of suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345.
  • Christensen, H., Batterham, P.J., Mackinnon, A.J., Donker, T., & Soubelet. A. (2014). Predictors of the risk factors for suicide ıdentified by the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behaviour. Psychiatry Research, 219(2), 290–297.
  • Damirchi, E.S., & Samadifard, H.R. (2018). The role of irrational beliefs, mindfulness and cognitive avoidance in the prediction of suicidal thoughts in soldiers. Journal of Military Medicine, 20(4), 431-438.
  • Delam, H., & Bazrafshan, M.R. (2019). Anxiety and self-esteem score in adults with a suicide attempt history. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 7(4), 166-170.
  • Demi̇rbaş, H., Çelik, S., Ilhan, I.Ö. & Doğan, Y.B. (2003). An examination of suicide probability in alcoholic in-patients. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 38(1), 67-70.
  • Demirkol, M.E., Uğur, K & Tamam, L. (2020). The mediating effects of psychache and dissociation in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide attempts. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg-Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 21(5), 453-460.
  • Demirkol, M.E., Güleç, H., Çakmak, S., Namlı, Z., Güleç, M., Güçlü, N & Tamam, L. (2018). Reliability and validity study of the turkish version ofthe psychache scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg-Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1), 14-20.
  • Dillon, K.H., Van Voorhees, E. E. & Elbogen, E.B. (2019). Associations between anger and suicidal ideation and attempts: A prospective study using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 122, 17–21.
  • Dong, M., Wang, S.B., Li, Y., Xu, D.D., Ungvari, G. S. & Xiang, Y.T. (2018). Prevalence of suicidal behaviors in patients with major depressive disorder in china: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225(1), 32–39.
  • Ducasse, M., Holden, R.R., Boyer, L., Artero, S., Calati, R., Guillaume, S &. Olié, E. (2017). Psychological pain in suicidality: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 78(3), 44-51.
  • Duica, L., Dragulescu, V & Pirlog, M. (2020). Neurobiological elements of hopelessness and ımpulsivity in suicidal behavior international. Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports, 4(11) 1-4.
  • Eskin, M. (2014). İntihar: Açıklama, Değerlendirme, Tedavi ve Önleme. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Eskin, M., Arslantaş, H., Öztürk, C. Ş & Eskin, B. (2020). An investigation of the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of the interpersonal needs questionnaire and acquired capability for suicide-fearlessness about death scale. Journal of clinical psychiatry-Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(2), 161-169.
  • Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23), 3-13.
  • Hjorthoj, C. R., Madsen, T., Agerbo, E & Nordentoft, M. (2014). Risk of suicide according to level of psychiatric treatment: A nationwide nested case–control study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(9), 1357-1365.
  • Joiner, T. (2005). Why People Die By Suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Keilp, J.G., Gorlyn, M., Oquendo, M.A., Brodsky, B., Ellıs, S.P., Stanley, B & John Mann, J. (2006). Aggressiveness, not impulsiveness or hostility, distinguishes suicide attempters with major depression. Psychological Medicine, 36 (12), 1779-1788.
  • Kendler, K.S., Ohlsson, H., Sundquist, J., Sundquist, K & Edwards, A.C. (2020). The sources of parent-child transmission of risk for suicide attempt and deaths by suicide in Swedish national samples. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(10), 928-935.
  • Kene, P & Howey, J.D. (2014). Predictors of suicide attempt status: acquired capability, ideation, and reasons. Psychiatric Quarterly, 85(4), 427–437.
  • Kim, S & Yang, E. (2015). Suicidal ideation in gay men and lesbians in South Korea: A test of the interpersonal‐psychological model. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 45(17), 98-110.
  • Kirkcaldy, B.D., Siefen, G.R., Urkin, J & Merrick, J. (2006). Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescents. Minerva Pediatrica, 58(5), 443-450.
  • Klonsky, E.D., Saffer, B.Y & Bryan, C. J. (2018). Ideation to action theories of suicide: A conceptual and empirical update. Current Opinion in Psychology, 22, 38–43.
  • Lambert, C. E., Troister, T., Ramadan, Z., Montemarano, V., Fekken, G.C & Holden, R.R. (2020). Psychache predicts suicide attempter status change in students starting university. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 50(3), 668-678.
  • Lindner, H., Kirkby, R., Wertheim, E & Birch, P. (1999). A brief assessment of irrational thinking: The shortened general attitude and belief scale. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23(6), 651–663.
  • Ma, J., Batterham, P.J., Calear, A.L & Han, J. (2016). A systematic review of the predictions of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicidal behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 46(1), 34-45.
  • Mann, J.J., Arango, V.A., Avenevoli, S., Brent, D.A., Champagne, F.A., Clayton, P & Wenzel, A. (2009). Candidate endophenotypes for genetic studies of suicidal behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 65(7), 556-563.
  • Maris, R.W. (1992). How are suicides different? In R.W. Maris, A.L. Berman, J.T. Maltsberger, & R.I. Yufit, Assessment and prediction of suicide (pp. 65–87). The Guilford Press.
  • Meerwijk, E. L., Parekh, A., Oquendo, M. A., Allen, I. E., Franck, L. S & Lee, K.A. (2016). Direct versus indirect psychosocial and behavioral interventions to prevent suicide and suicide attempts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(6), 544-554.
  • Miranda-Mendizabal, A., Castellvi, P., Pares-Badell, O., Alayo, I., Almenara, J., Alonso, I & Alonso, J. (2019). Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Public Health, 64(2), 265-283.
  • Mortensen, P.B., Agerbo, E., Erikson, T., Qin, P & Westergaard-Nielsen, N. (2000). Psychiatric illness and risk factors for suicide in Denmark. The Lancet, 355(9197), 9–12.
  • Moscicki, E.K. (1994). Gender differences in completed and attempted suicides. Annals of Epidemiology, 4(2), 152-158.
  • Naidoo, S & Collings, S. (2018). A test of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior in a sample of mental health outpatients. South African Journal of Psychology, 1-16.
  • Niu, L., Jia, C., Ma, Z., Wang, G., Sun, B., Zhang, D & Zhou, L. (2020). Loneliness, hopelessness and suicide in later life: a case–control psychological autopsy study in rural China. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, 1-7.
  • Ohring, R., Apter, A., Ratzoni, G., Weizman, R., Tyano, S & Plutchik, R. (1996). State and trait anxiety in adolescent suicide attempters. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 35(2), 154-7.
  • Öner, N & Le Compte, A. (1998). Durumluluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Pervin, M. M & Ferdowshi, N. (2016). Suicidal ideation in relation to depression, loneliness and hopelessness among university students. Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(1), 57-64.
  • Pirkis, J & Burgess, P. (1998). Suicide and recency of health care contacts. a systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 173(6), 462-474.
  • Posner, K., Oquendo, M.A., Gould, M., Stanley, B & Davies, M. (2007). Columbia classification algorithm of suicide assessment (C-CASA): Classification of suicidal events in the FDA's pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants. Am J Psychiatry, 164(1), 1035–1043.
  • Ribeiro, J.D., Witte, T.K., Van Orden, K.A., Selby, E.A., Gordon, K.H., Bender, T.W & Joiner, T.E. (2014). Fearlessness about death: the psychometric properties and construct validity of the revision to the acquired capability for suicide scale. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 115–126.
  • Shneidman, E.S. (1993). Suicide as psychache. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(3), 145–147.
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Merve Keleş 0000-0002-0733-9360

Elif Yöyen 0000-0002-0539-9263

Fatih Bal 0000-0002-9974-2033

Project Number Yok
Publication Date March 27, 2023
Acceptance Date March 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Keleş, M., Yöyen, E., & Bal, F. (2023). INVESTIGATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE CASE OF SUICIDE. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri Ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(1), 3-12.