Management Strategies for Teeth with Open Apex: From Apexification to Regenerative Endodontics

Duygu Aksoy; Sibel Kocak

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1728795

EN TR

Management Strategies for Teeth with Open Apex: From Apexification to Regenerative Endodontics

Abstract

The management of teeth with open apices, typically resulting from trauma or developmental anomalies, remains a clinical challenge in endodontics. Historically, apexification with long-term calcium hydroxide therapy was the primary approach to induce apical closure. However, this method is associated with extended treatment duration and increased risk of root fracture. Bioceramic materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), artificial apical barriers have gained popularity due to their reduced treatment time and favorable sealing properties. More recently, regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a biologically based alternative aiming to restore the pulp–dentin complex and promote continued root development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current treatment strategies for immature permanent teeth, comparing traditional apexification with modern regenerative techniques. Clinical indications, protocols, advantages, limitations, and prognosis are discussed in detail to guide evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Endodontics

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Duygu Aksoy ^*
0000-0002-9987-6381
Türkiye

Sibel Kocak
0000-0003-2354-7108
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

June 30, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 9, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 28 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1728795

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53WJ84UX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

EndNote

Aksoy D, Kocak S (September 1, 2025) Management Strategies for Teeth with Open Apex: From Apexification to Regenerative Endodontics. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 28 3 462–468.

Cited By

Effect of Restorative Cavity Designs and Restoration Techniques on Fracture Resistance and Fracture Patterns in Simulated Immature Teeth: An In Vitro Study

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1805743

Management Strategies for Teeth with Open Apex: From Apexification to Regenerative Endodontics

Management Strategies for Teeth with Open Apex: From Apexification to Regenerative Endodontics

Abstract

Keywords

Açık Apeksli Dişler İçin Yönetim Stratejileri: Apeksifikasyondan Rejeneratif Endodontiye

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

Cited By

Effect of Restorative Cavity Designs and Restoration Techniques on Fracture Resistance and Fracture Patterns in Simulated Immature Teeth: An In Vitro Study