Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia and to determine phase transformation before and after sintering.
Materials and Methods: 150 cylindrical specimens with the dimensions 15 mm diameter and 1,3 mm height were obtained from semi-sintered Y-TZP blocks. These specimens were randomly separated into subgroups; sandblasting, Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAG laser, Er:YAG laser+sandblasting, Nd:YAG laser+sandblasting, fine grain bur, coarse grain bur. Half of the semi-sintered Y-TZP samples were treated before sintering and the others were treated after the sintering procedures. No treatment was performed in control group. Biaxial flexural strength test was performed to all samples. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were performed to identify transformed monoclinic phase. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Man Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test (p<0,05).
Results: Specimens that were treated before sintering had lower biaxial flexural strength. The highest biaxial flexural strength values in all groups were seen in sandblasting groups and the lowest in grinding groups. According to the XRD analysis the highest phase transforme was determined in sandblasting groups. Sandblasting, Er-YAG laser+sandblasting and Nd-YAG laser+sandblasting were greatly increased the biaxial flexural strength of all the surface treatments after sintering. All the sandblasting treatments were found more monoclinic phase was found than other groups.
Conclusions: Surface treatments were found to affect both the mechanical properties and phase changes of zirconia.
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Project Fund of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (CUBAP)
Project Number
DİŞ-123 (Approval code: 2012-10/11).
Thanks
This study was prepared by using the PhD thesis of Ümit Güney.
References
- 1. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater 2008; 24: 299-307.
- 2. Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Swain M. Clinical trials in zirconia: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37(8): 641-652.
- 3. Deville S, Chevalier J, Gremillard L. Influence of surface finish and residual stresses on the ageing sensitivity of biomedical grade zirconia. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 2186-2192
- 4. Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A Systematic Review 2007; 98: 389-404.
- 5. Kosmac T, Oblak C, Jevnikar P, Funduk N, Marion L. The effect of surface grinding and sandblasting on flexural strength and reliability of Y-TZP zirconia ceramic. Dent Mater 1999; 15: 426-433.
- 6. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dental Materials 2008; 24: 299-307.
- 7. Tinschert J, Natt G, Hassenpflug S, Spiekermann H. Status of current CAD/CAM technology in dental medicine. Int J Comput Dent 2004; 7: 25-45.
- 8. Gomes AL, Ramos JC, Riego SD, Montero J, Albaladejo A.Thermocycling effect on microshear bond strength to zirconia ceramic using Er:YAG and tribochemical silica coating as surface conditioning. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30: 787-795.
- 9. Song JY, Park SW, Lee K, Yun KD, Lim HP. Fracture strength and microstructure of Y-TZP zirconia after different surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110: 274-280.
- 10. Akin H, Ozkurt Z, Kirmali O, Kazazoglu E, Ozdemir AK. Shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic after aluminum oxide sandblasting and various laser treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29: 797-802
- 11. Subasi MG, Inan O. Evaluation of the topographical surface changes and roughness of zirconia after different surface treatments. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 735-742.
- 12. Mahmoodi N, Hooshmand T, Heidari S, Khoshro K. Effect of sandblasting, silica coating, and laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a dental zirconia ceramic to resin cements. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31: 205-211.
- 13. Lee J, Jang G, Park I, Heo Y, Son M. The effects of surface grinding and polishing on the phase transformation and flexural strength of zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11: 1-6.
- 14. Caglar I, Yanıkoglu N. The Effect of Sandblasting, Er: YAG Laser and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Different Zirconia Cores. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 2016; 34: 17-26.
- 15. Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Aktore H. Effect of the application of surface treatments before and after sintering on the flexural strength, phase transformation and surface topography of zirconia. J Dent 2018; 72: 29-38.
- 16. Garvie RC, Nicholson PS. Phase analysis in zirconia systems. J Am Ceram Soc 1972; 55: 303-305.
- 17. Pazinatto FB, Lopes FA, Marquezini Jr L, de Castro FLA, Atta MT. Effect of surface treatments on the spreading velocity simplified adhesive systems. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14: 393-398.
- 18. Ramos GF, Pereira GKR, Amaral M, Valandro LF, Bottino MA. Effect of grinding and heat treatment on the mechanical behavior of zirconia ceramic. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30: 1-8.
- 19. Iseri U, Ozkurt Z, Yalniz A, Kazazoglu E. Comparison of different grinding procedures on the flexural strength of zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 107: 309-315.
- 20. Ozcan M, Melo RM, Souza RO, Machado JP, Felipe Valandro L, Botttino MA. Effect of air-particle abrasion protocols on the biaxial flexural strength, surface characteristics and phase transformation of zirconia after cyclic loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20: 19-28
- 21. Yamaguchı H, Ino S, Hamano N, Okada S, Teranaka T. Examination of bond strength and mechanical properties of Y-TZP zirconia ceramics with different surface modifications. Dental Materials Journal 2012; 31: 472–480.
- 22. Sato H, Yamada K, Pezzotti G, Nawa M, Ban S. Mechanical properties of dental zirconia ceramics changed with sandblasting and heat treatment. Dent Mater J 2008; 27: 408-414.
- 23. Cavalcanti AN, Pilecki P, Foxton RM, et al. Evaluation of the surface roughness and morphologic features of Y-TZP ceramics after different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27: 473–479.
- 24. Akın H, Tugut F, Akın GE, Guney U, Mutaf B. Effect of Er:YAG laser application on the shear bond strength and microleakage between resin cements and Y-TZP ceramics. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 333–338.
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı yüzey işlemlerinin zirkonyanın iki eksenli bükülme dayanımı üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak ve sinterleme öncesi ve sonrası faz dönüşümüne etkilerini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yarı sinterlenmiş Y-TZP bloklardan 15 mm çapında ve 1,3 mm yüksekliğinde 150 silindirik örnek elde edildi. Bu numuneler rastgele alt gruplara ayrıldı; Kumlama, Er:YAG lazer, Nd:YAG lazer, Er:YAG lazer+kumlama, Nd:YAG lazer+kumlama, ince grenli frez, kalın grenli frez. Yarı sinterlenmiş Y-TZP numunelerinin yarısına tam sinterleme yapılmadan önce, kalanlara ise tam sinterleme işlemi yapıldıktan sonra yüzey işlemlerine tabi tutuldu. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir yüzey işlem uygulanmadı. Tüm örneklere iki eksenli bükülme dayanımı testi uygulandı. Monoklinik faz dönüşümünü tanımlamak için X-ışını kırınım analizi (XRD) yapıldı. Veriler Kruskal-Wallis, Man Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon testi ile analiz edildi (p<0,05).
Bulgular: Tam sinterlemeden önce yüzey işlemi gören numuneler daha düşük iki eksenli bükülme dayanımı gösterdi. Tüm gruplarda en yüksek iki eksenli bükülme dayanımı değerleri kumlama gruplarında, en düşük değerler ise frezleme gruplarında görüldü. XRD analizine göre en yüksek faz dönüşümü kumlama grubunda görüldü. Tam sinterleme işlemlerinden sonra uygulanan kumlama, Er-YAG lazer+kumlama ve Nd-YAG lazer+kumlama yüzey işlemlerinin iki eksenli eğilme dayanımını büyük ölçüde artırdığı görüldü. Tüm kumlama işlemlerinde diğer gruplara göre daha fazla monoklinik faz değişimi görüldü.
Sonuç: Yüzey işlemlerinin zirkonyanın hem mekanik özelliklerini hem de faz değişimlerini etkilediği bulundu.
Project Number
DİŞ-123 (Approval code: 2012-10/11).
References
- 1. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater 2008; 24: 299-307.
- 2. Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Swain M. Clinical trials in zirconia: A systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37(8): 641-652.
- 3. Deville S, Chevalier J, Gremillard L. Influence of surface finish and residual stresses on the ageing sensitivity of biomedical grade zirconia. Biomaterials 2006; 27: 2186-2192
- 4. Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: A Systematic Review 2007; 98: 389-404.
- 5. Kosmac T, Oblak C, Jevnikar P, Funduk N, Marion L. The effect of surface grinding and sandblasting on flexural strength and reliability of Y-TZP zirconia ceramic. Dent Mater 1999; 15: 426-433.
- 6. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dental Materials 2008; 24: 299-307.
- 7. Tinschert J, Natt G, Hassenpflug S, Spiekermann H. Status of current CAD/CAM technology in dental medicine. Int J Comput Dent 2004; 7: 25-45.
- 8. Gomes AL, Ramos JC, Riego SD, Montero J, Albaladejo A.Thermocycling effect on microshear bond strength to zirconia ceramic using Er:YAG and tribochemical silica coating as surface conditioning. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30: 787-795.
- 9. Song JY, Park SW, Lee K, Yun KD, Lim HP. Fracture strength and microstructure of Y-TZP zirconia after different surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110: 274-280.
- 10. Akin H, Ozkurt Z, Kirmali O, Kazazoglu E, Ozdemir AK. Shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia ceramic after aluminum oxide sandblasting and various laser treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 2011; 29: 797-802
- 11. Subasi MG, Inan O. Evaluation of the topographical surface changes and roughness of zirconia after different surface treatments. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 735-742.
- 12. Mahmoodi N, Hooshmand T, Heidari S, Khoshro K. Effect of sandblasting, silica coating, and laser treatment on the microtensile bond strength of a dental zirconia ceramic to resin cements. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31: 205-211.
- 13. Lee J, Jang G, Park I, Heo Y, Son M. The effects of surface grinding and polishing on the phase transformation and flexural strength of zirconia. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11: 1-6.
- 14. Caglar I, Yanıkoglu N. The Effect of Sandblasting, Er: YAG Laser and Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Different Zirconia Cores. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery 2016; 34: 17-26.
- 15. Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Aktore H. Effect of the application of surface treatments before and after sintering on the flexural strength, phase transformation and surface topography of zirconia. J Dent 2018; 72: 29-38.
- 16. Garvie RC, Nicholson PS. Phase analysis in zirconia systems. J Am Ceram Soc 1972; 55: 303-305.
- 17. Pazinatto FB, Lopes FA, Marquezini Jr L, de Castro FLA, Atta MT. Effect of surface treatments on the spreading velocity simplified adhesive systems. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14: 393-398.
- 18. Ramos GF, Pereira GKR, Amaral M, Valandro LF, Bottino MA. Effect of grinding and heat treatment on the mechanical behavior of zirconia ceramic. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30: 1-8.
- 19. Iseri U, Ozkurt Z, Yalniz A, Kazazoglu E. Comparison of different grinding procedures on the flexural strength of zirconia. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 107: 309-315.
- 20. Ozcan M, Melo RM, Souza RO, Machado JP, Felipe Valandro L, Botttino MA. Effect of air-particle abrasion protocols on the biaxial flexural strength, surface characteristics and phase transformation of zirconia after cyclic loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20: 19-28
- 21. Yamaguchı H, Ino S, Hamano N, Okada S, Teranaka T. Examination of bond strength and mechanical properties of Y-TZP zirconia ceramics with different surface modifications. Dental Materials Journal 2012; 31: 472–480.
- 22. Sato H, Yamada K, Pezzotti G, Nawa M, Ban S. Mechanical properties of dental zirconia ceramics changed with sandblasting and heat treatment. Dent Mater J 2008; 27: 408-414.
- 23. Cavalcanti AN, Pilecki P, Foxton RM, et al. Evaluation of the surface roughness and morphologic features of Y-TZP ceramics after different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27: 473–479.
- 24. Akın H, Tugut F, Akın GE, Guney U, Mutaf B. Effect of Er:YAG laser application on the shear bond strength and microleakage between resin cements and Y-TZP ceramics. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 333–338.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Prosthodontics, Dental Materials |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | DİŞ-123 (Approval code: 2012-10/11). |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2023 |
| Submission Date | September 11, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 4 |
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