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Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of New Generation Bulk-Fill Composites

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 180 - 187, 23.06.2023

Zehra Süsgün Yıldırım , Ezgi Sonkaya , Zeliha Gonca Bek Kürklü

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1233995

Abstract

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to evaluate and compared the surface roughness and microhardness of three bulk-fill (ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative, SonicFill 2 SingleFill and SDR Flow Plus) and one conventional (G-aenial Posterior) composite resin at different depths.
Materials and Methods: Eighty disc-shaped composite resins (6mm diameter, 2mm height) were polymerized as recommended and then subjected to the appropriate finishing and polishing procedure. Transparent strips were placed between the samples before polymerization to evaluate the hardness at different depths (0-2mm and 2-4mm) of the bulk-fill composites. Microhardness was evaluated with a Vickers hardness tester and roughness was evaluated with an optical profilometer. The ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons were performed for the statistical evaluation of microhardness and ANOVA was performed for roughness.
Results: No statistically significant difference was determined between the composite materials in respect of surface roughness (p=0.336). It was generally observed that as the layer thickness increased in all the materials, the hardness values decreased (p<0.0001). SF was determined to have higher microhardness values in all the layers compared to the other samples (p<0.001).
Conclusions: While SF had the highest microhardness values in different layers, SDR was of equivalent value to a conventional composite. However, the hardness values of ACT in all layers were statistically significantly lower than conventional and other bulk-fillers.

Keywords

Bulk-fill composite Roughness Microhardness Bulk-fill

References

  • 1. Roeters JJ, Shortall AC, Opdam NJ. Can a single composite resin serve all purposes? Br Dent J. 2005;199(2):73-79.
  • 2. A. Benetti, C. Havndrup-Pedersen, D. Honor, M. Pedersen, and U. Pallesen. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization contraction, depth of cure, and gap formation. Operative Dentistry. 2015;40 (2):190-200.
  • 3. K.-H. Kim, J. L. Ong, O. Okuno. The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2002;87(6):642-649.
  • 4. Silva de Assis, F., Lima, L., Nogueira, S., Rodrigues Tonetto, M., Bhandi, S. H., Souza Pinto, S. C., ... & Coelho Bandeca, M. Evaluation of Bond Strength, Marginal Integrity, and Fracture Strength of Bulk-vs Incrementally-filled Restorations. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 2016; 18(4):317-323.
  • 5. Ugurlu, M., Sari, F. A 3-year retrospective study of clinical durability of bulk-filled resin composite restorations. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics. 2022; 47(1):e5.
  • 6. Tohidkhah, S., Kermanshah, H., Ahmadi, E., Jalalian, B., Ranjbar Omrani, L. Marginal microleakage and modified microtensile bond strength of Activa Bioactive, in comparison with conventional restorative materials. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 2022;8(1): 329-335.
  • 7. C.A. Pereira, E. Eskelson, V. Cavalli, P.C. Liporoni, A.O. Jorge, M.A. do Rego, Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques, Oper. Dent. 2011;36 (3):311-317.
  • 8. Pallesen U, van Dijken JW, Halken J, Hallonsten AL, Höigaard R. Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in permanent teeth in Public Dental Health Service: A prospective 8 years follow up. J Dent. 2013;41(4):297-306.
  • 9. Bouschlicher MR, Rueggeberg FA, Wilson BM. Correlation of bottomto-top surface microhardness and conversion ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper Dent. 2004;29(6):698-704.
  • 10. Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: Is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials? Dent Mater. 2012;28(5):521-528.
  • 11. Chuenarrom C, Benjakul P, Daosodsai P. Effect of indentation load and time on Knoop and Vickers microhardness tests for enamel and dentin. Mater Res. 2009;12(4):473-476.
  • 12. Hosseinalipour M, Javadpour J, Rezaie H, Dadras T, Hayati AN. Investigation of mechanical properties of experimental Bis-GMA/ TEGDMA dental composite resins containing various mass fractions of silica nanoparticles. J Prosthodont. 2010;19(2):112-117.
  • 13. Asmussen E, Peutzfeld A. Influence of pulse-delay curing on softening of polymer structures. J Dent Res. 2001;80(6):1570-1573.
  • 14. Karatas, O., Gul, P., Gündoğdu, M., & Iskenderoglu, D. T. An evaluation of surface roughness after staining of different composite resins using atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2020; 83(10): 1251-1259.
  • 15. Alkhudhairy, F. I. The effects of irradiance and exposure time on the surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resin restorative materials. Saudi Medical Journal, 2018; 39(2): 197-202.
  • 16. Amaya‐Pajares, S. P., Koi, K., Watanabe, H., da Costa, J. B., & Ferracane, J. L. Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2022;34(1):15-41.
  • 17. Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs. con-ventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2014; 18:1991-2000
  • 18. Hoffmann, L., Neuerer, C., Heck, K., & Kunzelmann, K. H. Bulk-fill composites compared to a nanohybrid composite in class-II cavities-a two-year follow-up study. J Adhes Dent, 2021;1(23):389-396.
  • 19. Ilie N, Schöner C, Bücher K, Hickel R. An in-vitro assessment of the shear bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites to permanent and deciduous teeth. J Dent. 2014; 42:850-855.
  • 20. Czasch P, Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical properties and degree of cure of bulk fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17:227-235.
  • 21. Nascimento AS, Rodrigues JFB, Torres RHN, Santos KO, Fook MVL, de Albuquerque MS, et al. Physicomechanical and thermal analy-sis of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Braz Oral Res. 2019;33: e008.
  • 22. Kalmowicz J, Phebus JG, Owens BM, Johnson WW, King GT. Microleakage of Class I and II Composite Resin Restorations Using a Sonic-resin Placement System. Oper Dent. 2015; 40:653-661.
  • 23. Kim YJ, Kim R, Ferracane JL, Lee IB. Influence of the Compliance and Layering Method on the Wall Deflection of Simulated Cavities in Bulk-fill Composite Restoration. Oper Dent. 2016;41: e183-e194.
  • 24. Fronza BM, Rueggeberg FA, Braga RR, Mogilevych B, Silva Soares LE, Martin AA, et al. Monomer conversion, microhardness, internal marginal adaptation, and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2015; 31:1542-1551.
  • 25. Almeida LJDS Junior, Penha KJS, Souza AF, Lula ECO, Magalhães FC, Lima DM, et al. Is there correlation between polymerization shrinkage, gap formation, and void in bulk fill composites? A μCT study. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31: e100.
  • 26. Flury S, Peutzfeldt A, Lussi A. Influence of increment thickness on microhardness and dentin bond strength of bulk fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2014; 30:1104-1112.
  • 27. Kelić, K., Matić, S., Marović, D., Klarić, E., Tarle, Z. Microhardness of bulk-fill composite materials. Acta Clinica Croatica, 2016;55(4.):607-613.
  • 28. W. Stansbury Dimethacrylate network formation and polymer property evolution as determined by the selection of monomers and curing conditions Dent Mater. 2012; 28 (1):13-22.
  • 29. C. Goracci, M. Cadenaro, L. Fontanive, G. Giangrosso, J. Juloski, A. Vichi, et al. Polymerization efficiency and flexural strength of low-stress restorative composites Dent Mater. 2014;30 (6): 688-694.
  • 30. D. Garcia, P. Yaman, J. Dennison, G. Neiva Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk fill flowable composite resins Oper Dent. 2014;39 (4): 441-448.
  • 31. de Mendonça, B. C., Soto‐Montero, J. R., de Castro, E. F., Pecorari, V. G. A., Rueggeberg, F. A., & Giannini, M. Flexural strength and microhardness of bulk‐fill restorative materials. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2021;33(4): 628-635.
  • 32. Alrahlah A. Diametral Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Surface Microhardness of Bioactive Bulk Fill Restorative. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(1):13-19.
  • 33. Moore BK, Platt JA, Borges G, Chu TM, Katsilieri I. Depth of cure of dental resin composites: ISO 4049 depth and microhardness of types of materials and shades. Oper Dent. 2008;33(4):408-412.
  • 34. L.G. Lovell, S.M. Newman, C.N. Bowman The effects of light intensity, temperature, and comonomer composition on the polymerization behavior of dimethacrylate dental resins J Dent Res, 1999;78 (8): 1469-1476.

Yeni Nesil Bulk-Fill Kompozitlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü ve Mikro Sertliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 180 - 187, 23.06.2023

Zehra Süsgün Yıldırım , Ezgi Sonkaya , Zeliha Gonca Bek Kürklü

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1233995

Abstract

Keywords

Bulk-fill composite; Roughness; Microhardness; Profilometer; Vickers Bulk-fill composite; Roughness; Microhardness; Profilometer; Vickers Roughness Microhardness

References

  • 1. Roeters JJ, Shortall AC, Opdam NJ. Can a single composite resin serve all purposes? Br Dent J. 2005;199(2):73-79.
  • 2. A. Benetti, C. Havndrup-Pedersen, D. Honor, M. Pedersen, and U. Pallesen. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization contraction, depth of cure, and gap formation. Operative Dentistry. 2015;40 (2):190-200.
  • 3. K.-H. Kim, J. L. Ong, O. Okuno. The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2002;87(6):642-649.
  • 4. Silva de Assis, F., Lima, L., Nogueira, S., Rodrigues Tonetto, M., Bhandi, S. H., Souza Pinto, S. C., ... & Coelho Bandeca, M. Evaluation of Bond Strength, Marginal Integrity, and Fracture Strength of Bulk-vs Incrementally-filled Restorations. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 2016; 18(4):317-323.
  • 5. Ugurlu, M., Sari, F. A 3-year retrospective study of clinical durability of bulk-filled resin composite restorations. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics. 2022; 47(1):e5.
  • 6. Tohidkhah, S., Kermanshah, H., Ahmadi, E., Jalalian, B., Ranjbar Omrani, L. Marginal microleakage and modified microtensile bond strength of Activa Bioactive, in comparison with conventional restorative materials. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 2022;8(1): 329-335.
  • 7. C.A. Pereira, E. Eskelson, V. Cavalli, P.C. Liporoni, A.O. Jorge, M.A. do Rego, Streptococcus mutans biofilm adhesion on composite resin surfaces after different finishing and polishing techniques, Oper. Dent. 2011;36 (3):311-317.
  • 8. Pallesen U, van Dijken JW, Halken J, Hallonsten AL, Höigaard R. Longevity of posterior resin composite restorations in permanent teeth in Public Dental Health Service: A prospective 8 years follow up. J Dent. 2013;41(4):297-306.
  • 9. Bouschlicher MR, Rueggeberg FA, Wilson BM. Correlation of bottomto-top surface microhardness and conversion ratios for a variety of resin composite compositions. Oper Dent. 2004;29(6):698-704.
  • 10. Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Hüsler J, Lussi A. Depth of cure of resin composites: Is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials? Dent Mater. 2012;28(5):521-528.
  • 11. Chuenarrom C, Benjakul P, Daosodsai P. Effect of indentation load and time on Knoop and Vickers microhardness tests for enamel and dentin. Mater Res. 2009;12(4):473-476.
  • 12. Hosseinalipour M, Javadpour J, Rezaie H, Dadras T, Hayati AN. Investigation of mechanical properties of experimental Bis-GMA/ TEGDMA dental composite resins containing various mass fractions of silica nanoparticles. J Prosthodont. 2010;19(2):112-117.
  • 13. Asmussen E, Peutzfeld A. Influence of pulse-delay curing on softening of polymer structures. J Dent Res. 2001;80(6):1570-1573.
  • 14. Karatas, O., Gul, P., Gündoğdu, M., & Iskenderoglu, D. T. An evaluation of surface roughness after staining of different composite resins using atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2020; 83(10): 1251-1259.
  • 15. Alkhudhairy, F. I. The effects of irradiance and exposure time on the surface roughness of bulk-fill composite resin restorative materials. Saudi Medical Journal, 2018; 39(2): 197-202.
  • 16. Amaya‐Pajares, S. P., Koi, K., Watanabe, H., da Costa, J. B., & Ferracane, J. L. Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2022;34(1):15-41.
  • 17. Bucuta S, Ilie N. Light transmittance and micro-mechanical properties of bulk fill vs. con-ventional resin based composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2014; 18:1991-2000
  • 18. Hoffmann, L., Neuerer, C., Heck, K., & Kunzelmann, K. H. Bulk-fill composites compared to a nanohybrid composite in class-II cavities-a two-year follow-up study. J Adhes Dent, 2021;1(23):389-396.
  • 19. Ilie N, Schöner C, Bücher K, Hickel R. An in-vitro assessment of the shear bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites to permanent and deciduous teeth. J Dent. 2014; 42:850-855.
  • 20. Czasch P, Ilie N. In vitro comparison of mechanical properties and degree of cure of bulk fill composites. Clin Oral Investig. 2013; 17:227-235.
  • 21. Nascimento AS, Rodrigues JFB, Torres RHN, Santos KO, Fook MVL, de Albuquerque MS, et al. Physicomechanical and thermal analy-sis of bulk-fill and conventional composites. Braz Oral Res. 2019;33: e008.
  • 22. Kalmowicz J, Phebus JG, Owens BM, Johnson WW, King GT. Microleakage of Class I and II Composite Resin Restorations Using a Sonic-resin Placement System. Oper Dent. 2015; 40:653-661.
  • 23. Kim YJ, Kim R, Ferracane JL, Lee IB. Influence of the Compliance and Layering Method on the Wall Deflection of Simulated Cavities in Bulk-fill Composite Restoration. Oper Dent. 2016;41: e183-e194.
  • 24. Fronza BM, Rueggeberg FA, Braga RR, Mogilevych B, Silva Soares LE, Martin AA, et al. Monomer conversion, microhardness, internal marginal adaptation, and shrinkage stress of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2015; 31:1542-1551.
  • 25. Almeida LJDS Junior, Penha KJS, Souza AF, Lula ECO, Magalhães FC, Lima DM, et al. Is there correlation between polymerization shrinkage, gap formation, and void in bulk fill composites? A μCT study. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31: e100.
  • 26. Flury S, Peutzfeldt A, Lussi A. Influence of increment thickness on microhardness and dentin bond strength of bulk fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2014; 30:1104-1112.
  • 27. Kelić, K., Matić, S., Marović, D., Klarić, E., Tarle, Z. Microhardness of bulk-fill composite materials. Acta Clinica Croatica, 2016;55(4.):607-613.
  • 28. W. Stansbury Dimethacrylate network formation and polymer property evolution as determined by the selection of monomers and curing conditions Dent Mater. 2012; 28 (1):13-22.
  • 29. C. Goracci, M. Cadenaro, L. Fontanive, G. Giangrosso, J. Juloski, A. Vichi, et al. Polymerization efficiency and flexural strength of low-stress restorative composites Dent Mater. 2014;30 (6): 688-694.
  • 30. D. Garcia, P. Yaman, J. Dennison, G. Neiva Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk fill flowable composite resins Oper Dent. 2014;39 (4): 441-448.
  • 31. de Mendonça, B. C., Soto‐Montero, J. R., de Castro, E. F., Pecorari, V. G. A., Rueggeberg, F. A., & Giannini, M. Flexural strength and microhardness of bulk‐fill restorative materials. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2021;33(4): 628-635.
  • 32. Alrahlah A. Diametral Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength, and Surface Microhardness of Bioactive Bulk Fill Restorative. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(1):13-19.
  • 33. Moore BK, Platt JA, Borges G, Chu TM, Katsilieri I. Depth of cure of dental resin composites: ISO 4049 depth and microhardness of types of materials and shades. Oper Dent. 2008;33(4):408-412.
  • 34. L.G. Lovell, S.M. Newman, C.N. Bowman The effects of light intensity, temperature, and comonomer composition on the polymerization behavior of dimethacrylate dental resins J Dent Res, 1999;78 (8): 1469-1476.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Zehra Süsgün Yıldırım 0000-0002-1717-8214

Ezgi Sonkaya 0000-0001-9773-0955

Zeliha Gonca Bek Kürklü 0000-0002-4726-7883

Publication Date June 23, 2023
Submission Date January 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

EndNote Süsgün Yıldırım Z, Sonkaya E, Bek Kürklü ZG (June 1, 2023) Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of New Generation Bulk-Fill Composites. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 26 2 180–187.
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