COMPARING THE EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS K12 AND M18 ON THE STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT, SALIVARY PH AND BUFFER CAPACITY: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLINDED CLINICAL TRIAL

Manali Srinivasan; Nivedhitha M.s; Saravanan Poorni

doi:10.7126/cumudj.941928

Research Article

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 346 - 354, 03.01.2022

Manali Srinivasan Nivedhitha M.s , Saravanan Poorni

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.941928

Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

1. Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, et al. Bacterial Diversity in Human Subgingival Plaque [Internet]. Vol. 183, Journal of Bacteriology. 2001. p. 3770–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3770-3783.2001
2. Paster BJ, Olsen I, Aas JA, Dewhirst FE. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontol 2000. 2006;42:80–7.
3. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Nov;43(11):5721–32.
4. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 2011 Feb 23;45(1):69–86.
5. Marsh PD. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? [Internet]. Vol. 149, Microbiology. 2003. p. 279–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26082-0
6. Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation--new insight. J Dent Res. 2006 Oct;85(10):878–87.
7. Takahashi N, Nyvad B. The Role of Bacteria in the Caries Process [Internet]. Vol. 90, Journal of Dental Research. 2011. p. 294–303. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034510379602
8. Marsh PD. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community – implications for health and disease [Internet]. Vol. 6, BMC Oral Health. 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-s1-s14
9. Meurman JH. Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci. 2005 Jun;113(3):188–96.
10. Russell DA, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Metabolic activities and probiotic potential of bifidobacteria. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Sep 1;149(1):88–105.
11. Twetman S, Keller MK. Probiotics for Caries Prevention and Control [Internet]. Vol. 24, Advances in Dental Research. 2012. p. 98–102. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512449465
12. Jäsberg H, Söderling E, Endo A, Beighton D, Haukioja A. Bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis but not of Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro biofilm model. Eur J Oral Sci. 2016 Jun;124(3):251–8.
13. Sañudo AI, Luque R, Díaz-Ropero MP, Fonollá J, Bañuelos Ó. In vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activity evaluation of inactivated cells of Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 5713 against Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Dec;84:58–63.
14. Vuotto C, Longo F, Donelli G. Probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections: promising and conflicting data. Int J Oral Sci. 2014 Dec;6(4):189–94.
15. Pierro FD, Di Pierro F, Zanvit A, Nobili P, Risso P, Fornaini C. Cariogram outcome after 90 days of oral treatment with Streptococcus salivarius M18 in children at high risk for dental caries: results of a randomized, controlled study [Internet]. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. 2015. p. 107. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ccide.s93066
16. Hedayati-Hajikand T, Lundberg U, Eldh C, Twetman S. Effect of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries--a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Sep 24;15(1):112.
17. Burton JP, Drummond BK, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR, Thomson WM, Hale JDF, et al. Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Microbiol. 2013 Jun;62(Pt 6):875–84.
18. Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev. 1986 Dec;50(4):353–80.
19. Kleinberg I. A mixed-bacteria ecological approach to understanding the role of the oral bacteria in dental caries causation: an alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the specific-plaque hypothesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):108–25.
20. Hata S, Mayanagi H. Acid diffusion through extracellular polysaccharides produced by various mutants of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 2003 Jun;48(6):431–8.
21. Green GE. Inherent Defense Mechanisms in Saliva [Internet]. Vol. 45, Journal of Dental Research. 1966. p. 624–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345660450032701
22. Könönen E, Jousimies-Somer H, Bryk A, Kilpi T, Kilian M. Establishment of streptococci in the upper respiratory tract: longitudinal changes in the mouth and nasopharynx up to 2 years of age. J Med Microbiol. 2002 Sep;51(9):723–30.
23. Burton JP, Cowley S, Simon RR, McKinney J, Wescombe PA, Tagg JR. Evaluation of safety and human tolerance of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Sep;49(9):2356–64.
24. Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Moore CJ, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR. Safety assessment of the oral cavity probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Apr;72(4):3050–3.
25. Wescombe PA, Hale JDF, Heng NCK, Tagg JR. Developing oral probiotics fromStreptococcus salivarius [Internet]. Vol. 7, Future Microbiology. 2012. p. 1355–71. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.12.113
26. Power DA, Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Dawes PJ, Tagg JR. Preliminary investigations of the colonisation of upper respiratory tract tissues of infants using a paediatric formulation of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Dec;27(12):1261–3.
27. Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Macklaim JM, Chai MHC, Macdonald K, Hale JDF, et al. Persistence of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 is dose dependent and megaplasmid transfer can augment their bacteriocin production and adhesion characteristics. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 13;8(6):e65991.
28. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters [Internet]. Vol. 100, Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2006. p. 754–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02837.x
29. Chen Y-YM, Burne RA. Identification and Characterization of the Nickel Uptake System for Urease Biogenesis in Streptococcus salivarius 57.I [Internet]. Vol. 185, Journal of Bacteriology. 2003. p. 6773–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.23.6773-6779.2003.

COMPARING THE EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS K12 AND M18 ON THE STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT, SALIVARY PH AND BUFFER CAPACITY: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLINDED CLINICAL TRIAL

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 346 - 354, 03.01.2022

Manali Srinivasan Nivedhitha M.s , Saravanan Poorni

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.941928

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 on the Streptococcus mutans count, salivary pH and buffer capacity.
Materials and method: 69 Subjects within the age group of 18-40 years were randomly allocated to three groups of 23 subjects each. Subjects enrolled in Group A received BLIS K12TM, Subjects in Group B received BLIS M18TM and Subjects in Group C belonged to the control group and did not receive any form of probiotics. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected at baseline and after 30 days. The samples were analysed for Streptococcus mutans level, salivary pH and buffer capacity.
Results: A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans levels and an increase in the salivary pH was observed after the use of probiotics when compared to the baseline. The buffer capacity remained unaltered following the use of both the probiotics. There was no change in the Streptococcus mutans level, salivary pH and buffer capacity for the subjects belonging to the control group.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that a 30day use of Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 resulted in a reduction in the Streptococcus mutans count while simultaneously improving the salivary pH.

Keywords

Dental caries, Oral health, Probiotics, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus salivarius

References

1. Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, et al. Bacterial Diversity in Human Subgingival Plaque [Internet]. Vol. 183, Journal of Bacteriology. 2001. p. 3770–83. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.12.3770-3783.2001
2. Paster BJ, Olsen I, Aas JA, Dewhirst FE. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontol 2000. 2006;42:80–7.
3. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Nov;43(11):5721–32.
4. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 2011 Feb 23;45(1):69–86.
5. Marsh PD. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? [Internet]. Vol. 149, Microbiology. 2003. p. 279–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26082-0
6. Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation--new insight. J Dent Res. 2006 Oct;85(10):878–87.
7. Takahashi N, Nyvad B. The Role of Bacteria in the Caries Process [Internet]. Vol. 90, Journal of Dental Research. 2011. p. 294–303. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034510379602
8. Marsh PD. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community – implications for health and disease [Internet]. Vol. 6, BMC Oral Health. 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6831-6-s1-s14
9. Meurman JH. Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci. 2005 Jun;113(3):188–96.
10. Russell DA, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. Metabolic activities and probiotic potential of bifidobacteria. Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Sep 1;149(1):88–105.
11. Twetman S, Keller MK. Probiotics for Caries Prevention and Control [Internet]. Vol. 24, Advances in Dental Research. 2012. p. 98–102. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512449465
12. Jäsberg H, Söderling E, Endo A, Beighton D, Haukioja A. Bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis but not of Streptococcus mutans in an in vitro biofilm model. Eur J Oral Sci. 2016 Jun;124(3):251–8.
13. Sañudo AI, Luque R, Díaz-Ropero MP, Fonollá J, Bañuelos Ó. In vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activity evaluation of inactivated cells of Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 5713 against Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Dec;84:58–63.
14. Vuotto C, Longo F, Donelli G. Probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections: promising and conflicting data. Int J Oral Sci. 2014 Dec;6(4):189–94.
15. Pierro FD, Di Pierro F, Zanvit A, Nobili P, Risso P, Fornaini C. Cariogram outcome after 90 days of oral treatment with Streptococcus salivarius M18 in children at high risk for dental caries: results of a randomized, controlled study [Internet]. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry. 2015. p. 107. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ccide.s93066
16. Hedayati-Hajikand T, Lundberg U, Eldh C, Twetman S. Effect of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries--a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Sep 24;15(1):112.
17. Burton JP, Drummond BK, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR, Thomson WM, Hale JDF, et al. Influence of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius strain M18 on indices of dental health in children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Microbiol. 2013 Jun;62(Pt 6):875–84.
18. Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev. 1986 Dec;50(4):353–80.
19. Kleinberg I. A mixed-bacteria ecological approach to understanding the role of the oral bacteria in dental caries causation: an alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the specific-plaque hypothesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):108–25.
20. Hata S, Mayanagi H. Acid diffusion through extracellular polysaccharides produced by various mutants of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol. 2003 Jun;48(6):431–8.
21. Green GE. Inherent Defense Mechanisms in Saliva [Internet]. Vol. 45, Journal of Dental Research. 1966. p. 624–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345660450032701
22. Könönen E, Jousimies-Somer H, Bryk A, Kilpi T, Kilian M. Establishment of streptococci in the upper respiratory tract: longitudinal changes in the mouth and nasopharynx up to 2 years of age. J Med Microbiol. 2002 Sep;51(9):723–30.
23. Burton JP, Cowley S, Simon RR, McKinney J, Wescombe PA, Tagg JR. Evaluation of safety and human tolerance of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Sep;49(9):2356–64.
24. Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Moore CJ, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR. Safety assessment of the oral cavity probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Apr;72(4):3050–3.
25. Wescombe PA, Hale JDF, Heng NCK, Tagg JR. Developing oral probiotics fromStreptococcus salivarius [Internet]. Vol. 7, Future Microbiology. 2012. p. 1355–71. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.12.113
26. Power DA, Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Dawes PJ, Tagg JR. Preliminary investigations of the colonisation of upper respiratory tract tissues of infants using a paediatric formulation of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008 Dec;27(12):1261–3.
27. Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Macklaim JM, Chai MHC, Macdonald K, Hale JDF, et al. Persistence of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 is dose dependent and megaplasmid transfer can augment their bacteriocin production and adhesion characteristics. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 13;8(6):e65991.
28. Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Moore CJ, Speiser G, Tagg JR. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters [Internet]. Vol. 100, Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2006. p. 754–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02837.x
29. Chen Y-YM, Burne RA. Identification and Characterization of the Nickel Uptake System for Urease Biogenesis in Streptococcus salivarius 57.I [Internet]. Vol. 185, Journal of Bacteriology. 2003. p. 6773–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.23.6773-6779.2003.

There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Manali Srinivasan 0000-0002-3651-181X Nivedhitha M.s 0000-0001-8979-6719 Saravanan Poorni 0000-0001-8811-2960
Publication Date	January 3, 2022
Submission Date	May 24, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote	Srinivasan M, M.s N, Poorni S (January 1, 2022) COMPARING THE EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS K12 AND M18 ON THE STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT, SALIVARY PH AND BUFFER CAPACITY: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLINDED CLINICAL TRIAL. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 24 4 346–354.

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https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23282

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Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

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