Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı irrigant aktivasyonu
sırasında kullanılan sonik uçların boyutunun ve titreşim sıklığının irrigant
taşmasına etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 20 adet yapay üst molar diş
modeli kullanıldı. Bu diş modellerinin palatinal kanalları apikal çap #40
olacak şekilde genişletildi. Periapikal lezyonu taklit etmek için her bir diş
modeli salin solusyonu ile dolu cam şişelere yerleştirildi ve 10-5 g hassasiyetindeki hassas tartı ile
ilk ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Sonrasında sonik ucun boyutu (15/.02, 25/.04,
35/.04) ve uygulama modu/hızı (düşük, orta, yüksek hız) esas alınarak irrigasyon protokolleri uygulandı. Kontrol grubunda irrigasyon
herhangi bir sonik uç kullanmadan iğne
ucunun giriş kavitesinin girişinde tutulması ile gerçekleştirildi. Apikalden
taşan irrigant miktarı, test düzeneğinin başlangıç ağırlığının final ağırlıktan
çıkarılmasıyla hesaplandı. Veriler Kruskal-Wallis ve Siegel Castellan testleri
analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Kontrol grubuna kıyasla, 15/.02
uçlar sadece yüksek hızda daha fazla irrigant taşmasına yol açarken, 35/.04
uçlar düşük hızda neden oldu (p
< 0.05). 25/.04 uçlar tüm hızlarda kontrol
grubuna göre daha fazla irrigant taşması ile sonuçlandı (p < 0.05). Yüksek
hızda 15/.02 ve 25/.04
uçlar, 35/.04 uç kullanımına göre daha fazla
irrigant taşmasına neden oldu (p < 0.05).
Sonuçlar: Sonik aktivasyon sırasında kullanılan sonik
ucun hem çapı hem de titreşim sıklığı irrigant taşma miktarını anlamlı ölçüde
etkilemektedir.
References
- 1. Gulabivala K, Patel B, Evans G, Ng YL. Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces. Endod Topics 2005;10:103-122.2. Gu LS, Kim JR, Ling J, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod 2009;35:791-804.3. Nair PN, Henry S, Cano V, Vera J. Microbial status of apical root canal system of human mandibular first molars with primary apical periodontitis after "one-visit" endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99:231-252.4. Gulabivala K, Ng YL, Gilbertson M, Eames I. The fluid mechanics of root canal irrigation. Physiol Meas 2010;31:R49-84.5. Conde AJ, Estevez R, Lorono G, Valencia de Pablo O, Rossi-Fedele G, Cisneros R. Effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation on organic tissue dissolution from simulated grooves in root canals using sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. Int Endod J 2017;50:976-982.6. Mancini M, Cerroni L, Iorio L, Armellin E, Conte G, Cianconi L. Smear layer removal and canal cleanliness using different irrigation systems (EndoActivator, EndoVac, and passive ultrasonic irrigation): field emission scanning electron microscopic evaluation in an in vitro study. J Endod 2013;39:1456-1460.7. Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, van der Sluis LW. Evaluation of a sonic device designed to activate irrigant in the root canal. J Endod 2010;36:143-146.8. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod 2006;32:389-398.9. Hülsmann M, Rödig T, Nordmeyer S. Complications during root canal irrigation. Endod Topics 2009;16:27-63.10. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 2010;54:291-312.11. Mitchell RP, Baumgartner JC, Sedgley CM. Apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite using different root canal irrigation systems. J Endod 2011;37:1677-1681.12. Boutsioukis C, Psimma Z, Kastrinakis E. The effect of flow rate and agitation technique on irrigant extrusion ex vivo. Int Endod J 2014;47:487-496.13. Hulsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation--literature review and case reports. Int Endod J 2000;33:186-193.14. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, Brandt M. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2004;37:272-280.15. Behrents KT, Speer ML, Noujeim M. Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2012;45:492-498.16. Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TR, Crum LA, Walton AJ. Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic cavitation and its relevance. J Endod 1988;14:486-493.17. Desai P, Himel V. Comparative Safety of Various Intracanal Irrigation Systems. Journal of Endodontics 2009;35:545-549.18. Azim AA, Aksel H, Zhuang T, Mashtare T, Babu JP, Huang GT. Efficacy of 4 Irrigation Protocols in Killing Bacteria Colonized in Dentinal Tubules Examined by a Novel Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Analysis. J Endod 2016;42:928-934.19. Yost RA, Bergeron BE, Kirkpatrick TC, Roberts MD, Roberts HW, Himel VT, Sabey KA. Evaluation of 4 Different Irrigating Systems for Apical Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite. J Endod 2015;41:1530-1534.20. Bryce G, MacBeth N, Gulabivala K, Ng YL. The efficacy of supplementary sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator((R)) system determined by removal of a collagen film from an ex vivo model. Int Endod J 2018;51:489-497.21. Tasdemir T, Er K, Celik D, Yildirim T. Effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation on apical extrusion of irrigating solution. Eur J Dent 2008;2:198-203.22. Ghivari SB, Kubasad GC, Chandak MG, Akarte N. Apical extrusion of debris and irrigant using hand and rotary systems: A comparative study. J Conserv Dent 2011;14:187-190.23. Psimma Z, Boutsioukis C, Vasiliadis L, Kastrinakis E. A new method for real-time quantification of irrigant extrusion during root canal irrigation ex vivo. Int Endod J 2013;46:619-631.24. Er K, Sumer Z, Akpinar KE. Apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria following use of two engine-driven instrumentation techniques. Int Endod J 2005;38:871-876.25. Turker SA, Uzunoglu E, Aslan MH. Evaluation of apically extruded bacteria associated with different nickel-titanium systems. J Endod 2015;41:953-955.26. Aksel H, Kucukkaya Eren S, Cakar A, Serper A, Ozkuyumcu C, Azim AA. Effect of Instrumentation Techniques and Preparation Taper on Apical Extrusion of Bacteria. J Endod 2017;43:1008-1010.27. Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O. The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Endod 2008;34:1346-1350.28. Psimma Z, Boutsioukis C, Kastrinakis E, Vasiliadis L. Effect of needle insertion depth and root canal curvature on irrigant extrusion ex vivo. J Endod 2013;39:521-524.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effects of size and oscillation frequency of sonic tips on
irrigant extrusion during activation.
Materials and Methods: Twenty artificial maxillary molar tooth
models were used in this study. The palatinal canal of each model was
prepared up to final apical size of #40. Each specimen was mounted
on a glass vial filled with saline solution to simulate a periapical lesion.
The mean initial weights were measured using an
analytical balance with 10-5 g accuracy. Then, a series of
irrigations were conducted according to the size (15/.02, 25/.04, 35/.04) and
operating mode/speed (low, medium, high) of the sonic tips. In control group, the irrigant was delivered by
placing the needle tip at the access cavosurface, without the insertion and
activation of the sonic
tip. The mean weights of apically extruded irrigant were calculated by
subtracting the mean initial weights from the final weights of test apparatus.
Data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Siegel Castellan
tests.
Results: The use of
15/.02 tips resulted in higher irrigant extrusion than the control only
at high speed while the 35/.04 tips only at
low speed (p < 0.05). The 25/.04 tips
presented higher extrusion than the control with all operating modes (p <
0.05). At high speed mode, both the 15/.02 and
25/.04 tips were associated with higher
irrigant extrusion than the 35/.04 tips (p <
0.05).
Conclusions: Both the size and oscillation frequency
of the sonic tips had significant effects on extrusion during sonically
activated irrigation.
References
- 1. Gulabivala K, Patel B, Evans G, Ng YL. Effects of mechanical and chemical procedures on root canal surfaces. Endod Topics 2005;10:103-122.2. Gu LS, Kim JR, Ling J, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Review of contemporary irrigant agitation techniques and devices. J Endod 2009;35:791-804.3. Nair PN, Henry S, Cano V, Vera J. Microbial status of apical root canal system of human mandibular first molars with primary apical periodontitis after "one-visit" endodontic treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;99:231-252.4. Gulabivala K, Ng YL, Gilbertson M, Eames I. The fluid mechanics of root canal irrigation. Physiol Meas 2010;31:R49-84.5. Conde AJ, Estevez R, Lorono G, Valencia de Pablo O, Rossi-Fedele G, Cisneros R. Effect of sonic and ultrasonic activation on organic tissue dissolution from simulated grooves in root canals using sodium hypochlorite and EDTA. Int Endod J 2017;50:976-982.6. Mancini M, Cerroni L, Iorio L, Armellin E, Conte G, Cianconi L. Smear layer removal and canal cleanliness using different irrigation systems (EndoActivator, EndoVac, and passive ultrasonic irrigation): field emission scanning electron microscopic evaluation in an in vitro study. J Endod 2013;39:1456-1460.7. Jiang LM, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, van der Sluis LW. Evaluation of a sonic device designed to activate irrigant in the root canal. J Endod 2010;36:143-146.8. Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod 2006;32:389-398.9. Hülsmann M, Rödig T, Nordmeyer S. Complications during root canal irrigation. Endod Topics 2009;16:27-63.10. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 2010;54:291-312.11. Mitchell RP, Baumgartner JC, Sedgley CM. Apical extrusion of sodium hypochlorite using different root canal irrigation systems. J Endod 2011;37:1677-1681.12. Boutsioukis C, Psimma Z, Kastrinakis E. The effect of flow rate and agitation technique on irrigant extrusion ex vivo. Int Endod J 2014;47:487-496.13. Hulsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation--literature review and case reports. Int Endod J 2000;33:186-193.14. Gernhardt CR, Eppendorf K, Kozlowski A, Brandt M. Toxicity of concentrated sodium hypochlorite used as an endodontic irrigant. Int Endod J 2004;37:272-280.15. Behrents KT, Speer ML, Noujeim M. Sodium hypochlorite accident with evaluation by cone beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2012;45:492-498.16. Ahmad M, Pitt Ford TR, Crum LA, Walton AJ. Ultrasonic debridement of root canals: acoustic cavitation and its relevance. J Endod 1988;14:486-493.17. Desai P, Himel V. Comparative Safety of Various Intracanal Irrigation Systems. Journal of Endodontics 2009;35:545-549.18. Azim AA, Aksel H, Zhuang T, Mashtare T, Babu JP, Huang GT. Efficacy of 4 Irrigation Protocols in Killing Bacteria Colonized in Dentinal Tubules Examined by a Novel Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Analysis. J Endod 2016;42:928-934.19. Yost RA, Bergeron BE, Kirkpatrick TC, Roberts MD, Roberts HW, Himel VT, Sabey KA. Evaluation of 4 Different Irrigating Systems for Apical Extrusion of Sodium Hypochlorite. J Endod 2015;41:1530-1534.20. Bryce G, MacBeth N, Gulabivala K, Ng YL. The efficacy of supplementary sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator((R)) system determined by removal of a collagen film from an ex vivo model. Int Endod J 2018;51:489-497.21. Tasdemir T, Er K, Celik D, Yildirim T. Effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation on apical extrusion of irrigating solution. Eur J Dent 2008;2:198-203.22. Ghivari SB, Kubasad GC, Chandak MG, Akarte N. Apical extrusion of debris and irrigant using hand and rotary systems: A comparative study. J Conserv Dent 2011;14:187-190.23. Psimma Z, Boutsioukis C, Vasiliadis L, Kastrinakis E. A new method for real-time quantification of irrigant extrusion during root canal irrigation ex vivo. Int Endod J 2013;46:619-631.24. Er K, Sumer Z, Akpinar KE. Apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria following use of two engine-driven instrumentation techniques. Int Endod J 2005;38:871-876.25. Turker SA, Uzunoglu E, Aslan MH. Evaluation of apically extruded bacteria associated with different nickel-titanium systems. J Endod 2015;41:953-955.26. Aksel H, Kucukkaya Eren S, Cakar A, Serper A, Ozkuyumcu C, Azim AA. Effect of Instrumentation Techniques and Preparation Taper on Apical Extrusion of Bacteria. J Endod 2017;43:1008-1010.27. Kleier DJ, Averbach RE, Mehdipour O. The sodium hypochlorite accident: experience of diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. J Endod 2008;34:1346-1350.28. Psimma Z, Boutsioukis C, Kastrinakis E, Vasiliadis L. Effect of needle insertion depth and root canal curvature on irrigant extrusion ex vivo. J Endod 2013;39:521-524.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2018 |
| Submission Date | July 17, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 21 Issue: 4 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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