Effects of the addition of titanium dioxide and silaned silica nanoparticles on the color stability of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer submitted to artificial aging
Abstract
Objectives: Silicone elastomers require replacement due to degradation of mechanical
properties and deterioration in color over time. Recently, various nanoparticles have been
incorporated into the silicones to reinforce their physical and mechanical properties. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosized particle addition on the color
stability of a commercial RTV maxillofacial silicone elastomer submitted to an accelerated aging.
Materials and Methods: The nanosized particles (titanium dioxide and silaned silica) were
added, 10% by volume, into a maxillofacial elastomer. The samples (n=10) were polymerized in an
oven according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Color measurements were performed
using digital spectrophotometry according to the CIE L*a*b* color system. The samples were
subsequently placed into an aging chamber for 168 h. The second color measurement of the
samples was performed after the aging process. Data obtained from the measurement was
recorded and assessed by (ANOVA) (α=0.05).
Results: The highest color stability was obtained with the silica and the TiO2 group samples;
the lowest color stability was obtained with the control group samples in this study. However;
no statistically significant difference in discoloration was observed in the ΔE values between the
groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The results of this pilot study revealed that the addition of nanosized TiO2
and silica particles used as reinforcing agents did not cause any color degradation of an
A-2000 silicone during the first 2 months. Further studies should be done on the effect of such
nanoparticles in long term aging procedures on the color stability of maxillofacial elastomers.
References
- dos Santos DM, Goiato MC, Moreno A, et al. Influence of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of an artificially aged facial silicone. J Prosthodont 2011;20(3):205-8.
- Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, et al. Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent 2008;100(6):465-73.
- Beatty MW, Mahana GK, Dick K, et al. Color changes in dry-pigmented maxillofacial elastomer resulting from ultraviolet light exposure. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74(5): 493-8.
- Craig RG, Ward ML. Restorative dental materials. St. Louis: Mosby Publishing 1997.
- Aziz T, Waters M, Jagger R. Analysis of the properties of silicone rubber maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J Dent 2003;31(1):67-74.
- Goiato MC, Haddad MF, Pesqueira AA et al. Effect of chemical disinfection and accelerated aging on color stability of maxillofacial silicone with opacifiers. J Prosthodont 2011;20(7):566-9.
- Murata H, Hong G, Hamada T, et al. Dynamic mechanical properties of silicone maxillofacial prosthetic materials and the influence of frequency and temperature on their properties. Int J Prosthodont 2003; 16(4): 369–74.
- Aziz T, WatersM, Jagger R. Development of a new poly(dimethylsiloxane) maxillofacial prosthetic material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2003; 15;65(2):252-61.
- Hatamleh MM, Watts DC. Effect of extraoral aging conditions on color stability of maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthodont 2010;19(7):536-43.
- Kiat-Amnuay S, Lemon J, Powers J. Effects of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthodont 2002;11:109-116.
- Haug SP, Andres CJ, Moore BK. Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part III: weathering effect on color. J Prosthet Dent 1999;81:431-438.
- Gary JJ, Huget EF, Powell LD. Accelerated color change in a maxillofacial elastomer with and without pigmentation. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 85(6): 614–20.
- Watson S, Beydoun D, Scott J. Preparation of nanosized crystalline TiO2 particles at low temperature for photocatalysis. J Nano Res 2004;6:193-207.
- Liu G, Li YF, Yan FY et al. Effect of nanoscale SiO2 and TiO2 as the fillers on the mechanical properties and aging behavior of linear low‑density polyethylene/lowdensity polyethylene blends. J Polym Environ 2005;13:339-48.
- Andreopoulos AG, Evangelatou M, Tarantili PA. Properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica powder. J Biomater Appl 1998;13(1):66-73.
- Khanna PK, Singh S, Charan S. Synthesis of nano-particles of anatase-TiO2 and preparation of its optically transparent film in PVA. Mater Lett 2007;61:4725-30.
- Kiat-Amnuay SI, Mekayarajjananonth T, Powers JM et al. Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial elastomers subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95(3):249-57.
- Fondriest J. Shade: Matching in Restorative Dentistry. The Science and Strategies. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2003;23:467-479.
- Vichi A, Louca C, Corciolani G, et al. Color related to ceramic and zirconia restorations: a review. Dent Mater 2011;27(1):97-108.
- Cal E, Guneri P, Kose T. Comparison of digital and spectrophotometric measurement of color shade guides. J Oral Rehabil 2006;33(3):221–28.
- Westland S. Review of the CIE system of colorimetry and its use in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15(1):5‑12.
- Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage–CIE. Colorimetry: In: Official recommendations of the international commission on illumination. Vienna: Bureau Central de la CIE, 1986.
- Polyzois GL, Tarantili PA, Frangou MJ, et al. Physical properties of a silicone prosthetic elastomer stored in simulated skin secretions. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:572-577.
- Leow ME, Ow RK, Lee MH, et al. Assessment of colour differences in silicone hand and digit prostheses: perceptible and acceptable thresholds for fair and dark skin shades. Prosthet Orthot Int 2006;30:5-16.
- Paravina RD, Majkic G, Del Mar Perez, et al. Color difference thresholds of maxillofacial skin replications. J Prosthodont 2009;18:618-625.
- Mirabedini SM, Mohseni M, PazokiFard SH, et al. Effect of TiO2 on the mechanical and adhesion properties of RTV silicone elastomer coatings. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2008;317:80-86.
- Karayazgan SB. Evaluation of the physical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2010;13(1):34-39.
- Koran A, Craig RG. Dynamic mechanical properties of maxillofacial materials. J Dent Res 1975 Nov- Dec;54(6):1216-21.
- Lemon J.C, Martin J.W, Chambers M.S, et al. Facial prosthetic rehabilitation, preprosthetic surgical techniques and biomaterials. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;13:255-262.
- Gijsman P, Hennekens J, Janssen K. Comparison of UV degradation chemistry in accelerated (xenon) aging tests and outdoor tests (II). Polymer Degradation and Stability 1994;46:63‑74.
- Pospisil J, Pilar J, Billingham NC et al. Factors affecting accelerated testing of polymer photostability. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2006;91:417-22.
Abstract
References
- dos Santos DM, Goiato MC, Moreno A, et al. Influence of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of an artificially aged facial silicone. J Prosthodont 2011;20(3):205-8.
- Han Y, Kiat-amnuay S, Powers JM, et al. Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthet Dent 2008;100(6):465-73.
- Beatty MW, Mahana GK, Dick K, et al. Color changes in dry-pigmented maxillofacial elastomer resulting from ultraviolet light exposure. J Prosthet Dent 1995; 74(5): 493-8.
- Craig RG, Ward ML. Restorative dental materials. St. Louis: Mosby Publishing 1997.
- Aziz T, Waters M, Jagger R. Analysis of the properties of silicone rubber maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J Dent 2003;31(1):67-74.
- Goiato MC, Haddad MF, Pesqueira AA et al. Effect of chemical disinfection and accelerated aging on color stability of maxillofacial silicone with opacifiers. J Prosthodont 2011;20(7):566-9.
- Murata H, Hong G, Hamada T, et al. Dynamic mechanical properties of silicone maxillofacial prosthetic materials and the influence of frequency and temperature on their properties. Int J Prosthodont 2003; 16(4): 369–74.
- Aziz T, WatersM, Jagger R. Development of a new poly(dimethylsiloxane) maxillofacial prosthetic material. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2003; 15;65(2):252-61.
- Hatamleh MM, Watts DC. Effect of extraoral aging conditions on color stability of maxillofacial silicone elastomer. J Prosthodont 2010;19(7):536-43.
- Kiat-Amnuay S, Lemon J, Powers J. Effects of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthodont 2002;11:109-116.
- Haug SP, Andres CJ, Moore BK. Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part III: weathering effect on color. J Prosthet Dent 1999;81:431-438.
- Gary JJ, Huget EF, Powell LD. Accelerated color change in a maxillofacial elastomer with and without pigmentation. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 85(6): 614–20.
- Watson S, Beydoun D, Scott J. Preparation of nanosized crystalline TiO2 particles at low temperature for photocatalysis. J Nano Res 2004;6:193-207.
- Liu G, Li YF, Yan FY et al. Effect of nanoscale SiO2 and TiO2 as the fillers on the mechanical properties and aging behavior of linear low‑density polyethylene/lowdensity polyethylene blends. J Polym Environ 2005;13:339-48.
- Andreopoulos AG, Evangelatou M, Tarantili PA. Properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica powder. J Biomater Appl 1998;13(1):66-73.
- Khanna PK, Singh S, Charan S. Synthesis of nano-particles of anatase-TiO2 and preparation of its optically transparent film in PVA. Mater Lett 2007;61:4725-30.
- Kiat-Amnuay SI, Mekayarajjananonth T, Powers JM et al. Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial elastomers subjected to artificial aging. J Prosthet Dent 2006;95(3):249-57.
- Fondriest J. Shade: Matching in Restorative Dentistry. The Science and Strategies. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2003;23:467-479.
- Vichi A, Louca C, Corciolani G, et al. Color related to ceramic and zirconia restorations: a review. Dent Mater 2011;27(1):97-108.
- Cal E, Guneri P, Kose T. Comparison of digital and spectrophotometric measurement of color shade guides. J Oral Rehabil 2006;33(3):221–28.
- Westland S. Review of the CIE system of colorimetry and its use in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent 2003;15(1):5‑12.
- Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage–CIE. Colorimetry: In: Official recommendations of the international commission on illumination. Vienna: Bureau Central de la CIE, 1986.
- Polyzois GL, Tarantili PA, Frangou MJ, et al. Physical properties of a silicone prosthetic elastomer stored in simulated skin secretions. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:572-577.
- Leow ME, Ow RK, Lee MH, et al. Assessment of colour differences in silicone hand and digit prostheses: perceptible and acceptable thresholds for fair and dark skin shades. Prosthet Orthot Int 2006;30:5-16.
- Paravina RD, Majkic G, Del Mar Perez, et al. Color difference thresholds of maxillofacial skin replications. J Prosthodont 2009;18:618-625.
- Mirabedini SM, Mohseni M, PazokiFard SH, et al. Effect of TiO2 on the mechanical and adhesion properties of RTV silicone elastomer coatings. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2008;317:80-86.
- Karayazgan SB. Evaluation of the physical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2010;13(1):34-39.
- Koran A, Craig RG. Dynamic mechanical properties of maxillofacial materials. J Dent Res 1975 Nov- Dec;54(6):1216-21.
- Lemon J.C, Martin J.W, Chambers M.S, et al. Facial prosthetic rehabilitation, preprosthetic surgical techniques and biomaterials. Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;13:255-262.
- Gijsman P, Hennekens J, Janssen K. Comparison of UV degradation chemistry in accelerated (xenon) aging tests and outdoor tests (II). Polymer Degradation and Stability 1994;46:63‑74.
- Pospisil J, Pilar J, Billingham NC et al. Factors affecting accelerated testing of polymer photostability. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2006;91:417-22.
Details
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 3, 2016 |
| Submission Date | December 6, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016Volume: 19 Issue: 1 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
CDJ accepts articles in English. Submitting a paper to CDJ is free of charges. In addition, CDJ has not have article processing charges.
Frequency: Four times a year (March, June, September, and December)
IMPORTANT NOTICE
All users of Cumhuriyet Dental Journal should visit to their user's home page through the "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/user" " or "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/user" links to update their incomplete information shown in blue or yellow warnings and update their e-mail addresses and information to the DergiPark system. Otherwise, the e-mails from the journal will not be seen or fall into the SPAM folder. Please fill in all missing part in the relevant field.
Please visit journal's AUTHOR GUIDELINE to see revised policy and submission rules to be held since 2020.