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Determining the Effect of COVID-19 Anxiety and Awareness Levels of the Elderly on Fear of Coronavirus

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 29.04.2024

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of coronavirus anxiety and awareness levels of elderly individuals on their fear of coronavirus during the pandemic. Methods: The study consists of 227 individuals over the age of 65 who visited the emergency department of a hospital in Turkey between April and December 2021. Data were collected through face-to-face questionnaire administration using the COVID-19 Fear, Anxiety and Awareness Scale. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation values were calculated for statistical analyses. Since the data showed normal distribution, t-tests and One-Way ANOVA were performed in the analysis for independent groups. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the level of coronavirus fear and marital status, with whom the elderly live, the number of children, having a chronic disease, and the status of continuous medicine use (p<0.05). It was revealed that the determinants of the level of coronavirus fear are continuous medicine use, the number of children, marital status, coronavirus anxiety score, and infection prevention awareness and awareness of hygiene measures scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: The elderly in this study were found to have moderate levels of coronavirus fear. Home visits regarding anxiety and awareness, monitoring the COVID-19 fear level of the elderly and taking precautions against this fear can reduce the effects of the pandemic on the elderly.

References

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  • Altın, Z. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yaşlılar. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi, 30(2), 49-57. doi:10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Arısoy, A., & Çay, M. (2021). Yaşlı Bireylerde Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) Korkusu; Yetişkin Bireylerle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi(17), 82-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.881006
  • Arora, A., Jha, A. K., Alat, P., & Das, S. S. (2020). Understanding coronaphobia. Asian journal of psychiatry, 54, 102384. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384
  • Ayaz-Alkaya, S., & Dülger, H. (2022). Fear of coronavirus and health literacy levels of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatric Nursing, 43, 45-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.001
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Bilgin, O. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44168
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • CDC. (2020). People who are at higher risk for severe illness. 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
  • Cesari, M., & Proietti, M. J. J. o. t. A. M. D. A. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision making in a pandemic. 21(5), 576-577. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.025
  • Chen, H., Xu, W., Paris, C., Reeson, A., & Li, X. (2020). Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. MedRxiv, 2020.2003. 2011.20033688. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20033688
  • Doshi, D., Karunakar, P., Sukhabogi, J. R., Prasanna, J. S., & Mahajan, S. V. (2021). Assessing coronavirus fear in Indian population using the fear of COVID-19 scale. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19, 2383-2391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00332-x
  • Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2022). Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Studies, 46(5), 1052-1058. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
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  • Gelen, M., Serdar, E., & Nebahat, E. J. M. E. D. (2020). Detraining: Covid-19 ve üst düzey performans. 49(227), 447-464.
  • Gencer, N. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) fear of individuals during the pandemia: Çorum sample. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(4), 1153-1173. doi:10.47994/usbad.791577
  • İnel, A., Derya, A., Coşkun, E., & Bozkurt, A. (2021). Yaşlılarda COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Bilinçli Farkındalık, Başa Çıkma Tutumları ve Kişisel İyi Oluş. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine Primary Care, 15(1), 85-92. doi:https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.808383
  • Kendzerska, T., Zhu, D. T., Gershon, A. S., Edwards, J. D., Peixoto, C., Robillard, R., & Kendall, C. E. (2021). The effects of the health system response to the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic disease management: a narrative review. Risk Management Healthcare Policy, 575-584. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S293471
  • Landa-Blanco, M., Mejía, C. J., Landa-Blanco, A. L., Martínez-Martínez, C. A., Vásquez, D., Vásquez, G., . . . Montoya, B. D. (2021). Coronavirus awareness, confinement stress, and mental health: Evidence from Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain. Social Science Medicine, 277, 113933. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113933
  • Lee, S. A., Mathis, A. A., Jobe, M. C., & Pappalardo, E. A. (2020). Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113112 Lim WS, Liang CK, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Kang L, Lee WJ. ve ark. (2020). COVID-19 and older people in Asia: AWGS calls to actions. Geriatrics & Gerontology, 20(6), 547-558. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13939.
  • Lin, C.-Y. J. S. H., & Behavior. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). 3(1), 1. doi:10.4103/SHB.SHB_11_20 Martins, C. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for older adults: Evidence for practice: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Mistry, S. K., Ali, A. M., Akther, F., Yadav, U. N., & Harris, M. F. (2021). Exploring fear of COVID-19 and its correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. Globalization Health, 17, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00698-0
  • Orrù, G., Bertelloni, D., Diolaiuti, F., Conversano, C., Ciacchini, R., & Gemignani, A. (2021). A psychometric examination of the coronavirus anxiety scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian population. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 669384. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669384
  • Özdelikara, A., Alkan, S. A., & Mumcu, N. (2018). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde sağlık algısı, sağlık anksiyetesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, 14(3), 275-282. doi:10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347
  • Paksoy, H. M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi ile Oluşan Korku ve Davranışlara İnancın Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Türkiye Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 135-155. doi:10.47147/ksuiibf.798354
  • Qc, I. F. (2020). COVID-19: Fear, quackery, false representations and the law. International Journal of Law Psychiatry Research, 72, 101611. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101611
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2). doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Santini ZI, Jose PE, York Cornwell E, Koyanagi A, Nielsen L, Hinrichsen C. ve ark. (2020). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health 2020, 5, e62-e70.
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  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., Benedek, D. M. J. P., & neurosciences, c. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. 74(4), 281. doi:10.1111/pcn.12988
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  • Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Berman, N. C., Fabricant, L. E., Olatunji, B. O. J. C. T., & Research. (2012). Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. 36, 210-218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9353-3
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Yaşlıların COVID-19 Anksiyete ve Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Koronavirüs Korkusuna Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 35 - 48, 29.04.2024

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, pandemi sırasında yaşlı bireylerin koronavirüs kaygı ve farkındalık düzeylerinin koronavirüs korkularına etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, Nisan-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'de bir hastanenin acil servisine başvuran 65 yaş üstü 227 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veriler COVID-19 Korku, Kaygı ve Farkındalık Ölçeği kullanılarak yüzyüze anket uygulama yolu ile toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiğinden analizlerde bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve One Way Anova kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Koronavirüs korku düzeyi ile medeni durum, yaşlıların birlikte yaşadığı kişiler, çocuk sayısı, kronik hastalığı olma ve sürekli ilaç kullanma durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0.05). Koronavirüs korku düzeyinin belirleyicilerinin sürekli ilaç kullanımı, çocuk sayısı, medeni durum, koronavirüs kaygı puanı, enfeksiyon önlem farkındalığı ve hijyen önlemleri farkındalığı puanları olduğu ortaya çıktı (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmadaki yaşlıların orta düzeyde koronavirüs korkusuna sahip oldukları belirlendi. Kaygı ve farkındalık konusunda yapılacak ev ziyaretleri, yaşlıların COVID-19 korku düzeyinin izlenmesi ve bu korkuya karşı önlem alınması, pandeminin yaşlılar üzerindeki etkilerini azaltabilir.

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C.-Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2014). Self-compassionate responses to aging. The Gerontologist, 54(2), 190-200. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns204
  • Altın, Z. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Yaşlılar. Tepecik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Dergisi, 30(2), 49-57. doi:10.5222/terh.2020.93723
  • Arısoy, A., & Çay, M. (2021). Yaşlı Bireylerde Koronavirüs (COVİD-19) Korkusu; Yetişkin Bireylerle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi(17), 82-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.46218/tshd.881006
  • Arora, A., Jha, A. K., Alat, P., & Das, S. S. (2020). Understanding coronaphobia. Asian journal of psychiatry, 54, 102384. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102384
  • Ayaz-Alkaya, S., & Dülger, H. (2022). Fear of coronavirus and health literacy levels of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Geriatric Nursing, 43, 45-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.001
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: Mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19, 2369-2382. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
  • Bilgin, O. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Farkındalık Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6). doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44168
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • CDC. (2020). People who are at higher risk for severe illness. 2020. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
  • Cesari, M., & Proietti, M. J. J. o. t. A. M. D. A. (2020). COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision making in a pandemic. 21(5), 576-577. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.025
  • Chen, H., Xu, W., Paris, C., Reeson, A., & Li, X. (2020). Social distance and SARS memory: impact on the public awareness of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. MedRxiv, 2020.2003. 2011.20033688. doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.20033688
  • Doshi, D., Karunakar, P., Sukhabogi, J. R., Prasanna, J. S., & Mahajan, S. V. (2021). Assessing coronavirus fear in Indian population using the fear of COVID-19 scale. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 19, 2383-2391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00332-x
  • Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2022). Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death Studies, 46(5), 1052-1058. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
  • Faruk, M. (2011). Kaygı Kavramı, . Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi Ocak-Haziran, 5(9), 201-211. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2): 175-191.
  • Fehr, A. R., & Perlman, S. J. C. m. (2015). Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. 1-23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7
  • Fitzpatrick, K. M., Harris, C., & Drawve, G. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 12(S1), S17.
  • Gelen, M., Serdar, E., & Nebahat, E. J. M. E. D. (2020). Detraining: Covid-19 ve üst düzey performans. 49(227), 447-464.
  • Gencer, N. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) fear of individuals during the pandemia: Çorum sample. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(4), 1153-1173. doi:10.47994/usbad.791577
  • İnel, A., Derya, A., Coşkun, E., & Bozkurt, A. (2021). Yaşlılarda COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Bilinçli Farkındalık, Başa Çıkma Tutumları ve Kişisel İyi Oluş. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine Primary Care, 15(1), 85-92. doi:https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.808383
  • Kendzerska, T., Zhu, D. T., Gershon, A. S., Edwards, J. D., Peixoto, C., Robillard, R., & Kendall, C. E. (2021). The effects of the health system response to the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic disease management: a narrative review. Risk Management Healthcare Policy, 575-584. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S293471
  • Landa-Blanco, M., Mejía, C. J., Landa-Blanco, A. L., Martínez-Martínez, C. A., Vásquez, D., Vásquez, G., . . . Montoya, B. D. (2021). Coronavirus awareness, confinement stress, and mental health: Evidence from Honduras, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain. Social Science Medicine, 277, 113933. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113933
  • Lee, S. A., Mathis, A. A., Jobe, M. C., & Pappalardo, E. A. (2020). Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113112 Lim WS, Liang CK, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Kang L, Lee WJ. ve ark. (2020). COVID-19 and older people in Asia: AWGS calls to actions. Geriatrics & Gerontology, 20(6), 547-558. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13939.
  • Lin, C.-Y. J. S. H., & Behavior. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). 3(1), 1. doi:10.4103/SHB.SHB_11_20 Martins, C. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for older adults: Evidence for practice: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Mistry, S. K., Ali, A. M., Akther, F., Yadav, U. N., & Harris, M. F. (2021). Exploring fear of COVID-19 and its correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. Globalization Health, 17, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00698-0
  • Orrù, G., Bertelloni, D., Diolaiuti, F., Conversano, C., Ciacchini, R., & Gemignani, A. (2021). A psychometric examination of the coronavirus anxiety scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian population. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 669384. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669384
  • Özdelikara, A., Alkan, S. A., & Mumcu, N. (2018). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde sağlık algısı, sağlık anksiyetesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, 14(3), 275-282. doi:10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347
  • Paksoy, H. M. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi ile Oluşan Korku ve Davranışlara İnancın Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Türkiye Örneği. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 135-155. doi:10.47147/ksuiibf.798354
  • Qc, I. F. (2020). COVID-19: Fear, quackery, false representations and the law. International Journal of Law Psychiatry Research, 72, 101611. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101611
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2). doi:10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Santini ZI, Jose PE, York Cornwell E, Koyanagi A, Nielsen L, Hinrichsen C. ve ark. (2020). Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): A longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health 2020, 5, e62-e70.
  • Shahid, Z., Kalayanamitra, R., McClafferty, B., Kepko, D., Ramgobin, D., Patel, R., . . . Bhatt, D. J. J. o. t. A. G. S. (2020). COVID‐19 and older adults: what we know. 68(5), 926-929. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16472
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., Benedek, D. M. J. P., & neurosciences, c. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. 74(4), 281. doi:10.1111/pcn.12988
  • UN. (2020). World Population Ageing 2020 Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R. S., . . . Sharma, V. K. (2020). A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, Immunity, 87, 40-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
  • Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Berman, N. C., Fabricant, L. E., Olatunji, B. O. J. C. T., & Research. (2012). Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. 36, 210-218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9353-3
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There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Health Nursing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Reha Karakaya 0000-0003-2982-5674

Tuba Özaydın 0000-0002-3923-2197

Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date December 3, 2023
Acceptance Date April 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karakaya, R., & Özaydın, T. (2024). Determining the Effect of COVID-19 Anxiety and Awareness Levels of the Elderly on Fear of Coronavirus. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 26(1), 35-48.