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ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 129 - 137, 01.04.2024

Ecem Akbeyaz Şivet İrem Gümüşkaya Betul Kargul

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1376821

Abstract

Probiyotiklerin ağız sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri üzerine araştırmalar artmaktadır. Fakat dişhekimlerinin probiyotik ürünlere ilişkin bilgi ve tutumları ve bunların probiyotik ürünlerin tüketimi üzerindeki etkisi hakkındaki bilgi sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'deki çocuk diş hekimlerinin probiyotiklerle ilgili bilgi, görüş ve tutumlarının değerlendirilmesidir.Ankete 100 çocuk diş hekimi (80 kadın, 20 erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcıların %44'ü çocuk diş hekimliği alanında doktora veya uzmanlık öğrencileri iken; 15 yılı aşkın mesleki deneyimi olanların oranı %24'tür. Çalışmaya katılanların %83'ü probiyotiklerle ilgili tanımlamayı doğru işaretlerken; %30'u probiyotiklerin sadece bakteriler olduğunu ifade etmiştir. Çocuk diş hekimlerinin %66'sı probiyotiklerleilgili kendilerinin "orta", "iyi" veya "çok iyi" bilgi düzeyine sahip olduğunu belirtmiştir ve bu oran, çocuk diş hekimliğialanındaki akademik derece ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p=0.077). Çocuk diş hekimlerinin %64'ü probiyotik ürünlerin kullanımını hastalarına önermiştir ve en çok (%79.4) antibiyotik tedavisi sırasında koruyucu amaçla tavsiye etmişlerdir.Bu çalışmaya katılan çocuk diş hekimlerinin probiyotikler hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin yeterli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcılar probiyotik kullanımıyla ilgili olumlu görüşe sahiplerdir ancak hastalara probiyotik kullanımını önerme konusunda daha düşük bir oran bulunmuştur.

Keywords

anket bilgi çocuk diş hekimi probiyotik tutum

Ethical Statement

Çalışmamız Marmara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’nda gerçekleştirilmiş olup, Marmara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından 2022-70 protokol numarası ile 26.05.2022 tarihinde etik olarak onaylanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir maddi destek/proje desteği alınmamıştır.

Thanks

Çalışmamıza katılan tüm çocuk diş hekimlerine teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics Consensus Statement on the Scope and Appropriate Use of the Term Probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11(9):506-514. doi:10.1038/nrgas tro.2014.66.
  • Priyodip P, Prakash PY, Balaji S. Phytases of Probiotic Bacteria: Characteristics and Beneficial Aspects. Indian J Microbiol. 2017;57(2):148-154. doi:10.10 07/s12088-017-0647
  • Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Modulation of gut microbiota and immune system by probiotics, prebiotics, and post-biotics. Front Nutr. 2022;8:634897. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.634897.
  • Yeşilyurt N, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Involvement of probiotics and postbiotics in the immune system modulation. Biologics. 2021;1(2):89-110. doi:10.3390/ biologics1020006.
  • Khaneghah AM, Abhari K, Eş I, Soares MB, Oliveira RB, Hosseini H, Sant’Ana AS. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;95:205-218. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022.
  • Markowiak P, Ślizewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients. 2017;9:1021. doi:10.3390/nu9091021.
  • Sniffen JC, McFarland LV, Evans CT, Goldstein EJ. Choosing an appropriate probiotic product for your patient: An evidence-based practical guide. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0209205. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0209205.
  • Dronkers TM, Ouwehand AC, Rijkers GT. Global analysis of clinical trials with probiotics. Heliyon. 2020;6(7). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04467.
  • Saïz P, Taveira N, Alves R. Probiotics in oral health and disease: A systematic review. Appl Sci. 2021;11(17):8070. doi:10.3390/app11178070.
  • Hojsak I, Fabiano V, Pop TL, et al. Guidance on the Use of Probiotics in Clinical Practice in Children with Selected Clinical Conditions and in Specific Vulnerable Groups. Acta Paediatr. 2018;107(5):927-937. doi:10.1111/apa.14270.
  • Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ. The human microbiome and child growth-first 1000 days and beyond. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27:131–147. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.09. 008.
  • Szajewska H, Kołodziej M, Gieruszczak-Białek D, Skórka A, Ruszczyński M, Shamir R. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for Treating Acute Gastroenteritis in Children—A 2019 Update. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2019;49:1376–1384. doi:10.1111/apt.15267.
  • Chugh P, Dutt R, Sharma A, Bhagat N, Dhar MS. A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health. J Funct Food. 2020;70:103985. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103985.
  • Shi J, Wang Q, Ruan G, et al. Efficacy of probiotics against dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;1-18. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2077693.
  • Fijan S, Frauwallner A, Varga L, et al. Health professionals’ knowledge of probiotics: an international survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):3128. doi:10.3390/ijerph16173128.
  • Patait MR, Saraf KV, Wakchaure PM. Assessment of knowledge and awareness of probiotics among dental post-graduate students: A questionnaire study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2022;34(1):68-75. doi:10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_231_21
  • Philip C, Sreedhar G, Muhammed A, Majid SA. Knowledge and awareness of probiotics among the dental students in Thodupuzha: A questionnaire study. Glob J Res Anal. 2019;8:1-3.
  • Krishnan L, Poorni S, Nivedhitha MS, Srinivasan MR. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of probiotics for oral health among dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2022;20(3):230-233. doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_2 3_22
  • Hu J, Jiang W, Lin X, et al. Dental Caries Status and Caries Risk Factors in Students Ages 12-14 Years in Zhejiang, China. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:3670-3678. doi:10.12659/MSM.907325.
  • Hoceini A, Khelil NK, Ben-Yelles I, et al. Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supra-gingival plaques in caries-free and caries-active Algerian adults. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6(8):720-726. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.011
  • Lin TH, Lin CH, Pan TM. The implication of probi- otics in the prevention of dental caries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(2):577-586. doi:10.1007/s00 253-017-8664-z
  • Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, et al. Diarylureas: New Promising Small Molecules against Streptococcus mutans for the Treatment of Dental Caries. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(1):112. doi:10.3 390/antibiotics12010112.
  • Kopacz K, Phadtare S. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(8):1450. doi:10.3390/healthcare 10081450.
  • Hojsak I. Probiotics in children: what is the evidence? Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2017;20(3):139-146. doi:10.5223/pghn.2017.20.3.139
  • Kambale RM, Nancy FI, Ngaboyeka GA, Kasengi JB, Bindels LB, Van der Linden D. Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3158-3169. doi:10.1016/j.clnu. 2020.12.026
  • Soni R, Tank K, Jain N. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals about probiotic use in Ahmedabad, India. Nutr Food Sci. 2018;1:125-135. doi:10.1108/NFS-02-2018-0029.
  • Oliver L, Rasmussen H, Gregoire MB, Chen Y. Health care provider’s knowledge, perception, and use of probiotics and prebiotics. Top Clin Nutr. 2014;29(2):139-149.
  • Payahoo L, Nikniaz Z, Mahdavi R, Asghari Jafar Abadi M. Perceptions of medical sciences students towards probiotics. Health Promot Perspect. 2012;2(1):96-102.
  • Yurttaş M, Yılmaz A. Sağlık Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Probiyotik Ürünler Hakkında Bilgi Düzeyinin ve Tüketim Durumunun Belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2017;6(2):64-69.
  • Pandey KR, Naik SR, Vakil BV. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics—A review. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52:7577–7587. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-19 21-1.
  • Hoang DM, Levy EI, Vandenplas Y. The impact of Caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(1):60-67. doi:10.1111/ap a.15501.
  • Korpela K. Impact of Delivery Mode on Infant Gut Microbiota. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;1-9. doi:10.11 59/000518498
  • Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Reddy DN. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(29):8787-8803. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787
  • Shao Y, Forster SC, Tsaliki E, et al. Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature. 2019;574(7776):117-121. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1.
  • Hansen S, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF, Rytter D, Bech BH, Granström C. Birth by cesarean section in relation to adult offspring overweight and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Int J Obes. 2018;42:15-9. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.175.
  • Weber E, Reynaud Q, Suy F, et al. Bifidobacterium species bacteremia: risk factors in adults and infants. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2015;61:482-484. doi:10.10 93/cid/civ334.
  • Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez. Med. 2019;27:175-178.
  • Farias da Cruz M, Baraúna Magno M, Alves Jural L, et al. Probiotics and dairy products in dentistry: A bibliometric and critical review of randomized clinical trials. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111228. doi:10.10 16/j.foodres. 2022.11 12 28.
  • Altındiş M, İnci MB, Elmas B, et al. Aile hekimleri, pediatristler ve eczacıların probiyotik kullanımları hakkında bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. J Biotechnol Strateg Health Res. 2018;2(2):108-116.
  • Kolaček S, Hojsak I, Berni Canani R, et al. Commercial Probiotic Products: A Call for Improved Quality Control. A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65:117–124. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001603.
  • De Simone C. The Unregulated Probiotic Market. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17:809–817. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.033.
  • Derin DÖ, Keskin S. Gıda mühendisliği öğrencilerinin probiyotik ürün tüketim durumlarının belirlenmesi: Ege Üniversitesi örneği. Gıda. 2013;38(4):215-222.

EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, OPINIONS AND ATTITUDES OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTS REGARDING PROBIOTICS

Year 2024, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 129 - 137, 01.04.2024

Ecem Akbeyaz Şivet İrem Gümüşkaya Betul Kargul

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1376821

Abstract

Research on the effects of probiotics on oral health is increasing. But there is limited information on the knowledge and attitudes of dentists, towards probiotic products and their impact on probiotic product consumption. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, opinions, and attitudes of pediatric dentists in Turkey regarding probiotics.A total of 100 pediatric dentists (80 females, 20 males) participated in the survey. Among the participants, 44% were doctoral or specialization students in the field of pediatric dentistry, and 24% had more than 15 years of professional experience. 83% of the respondents correctly identified the definition of probiotics, while 30% believed that probiotics were only bacteria. 66% of pediatric dentists stated that they had an "average," "good," or "very good" level of knowledge about probiotics, and this percentage did not show a statistically significant difference concerning their academic level in the field of pediatric dentistry(p=0.077). 64% of pediatric dentists recommended probiotic products to their patients, with the highest percentage(79.4%) recommending them for preventive purposes during antibiotic treatment. It has been concluded that the knowledge level of pediatric dentists participating in this study regarding probiotics is sufficient. Participants hold positive views about probiotic use; however, there is a lower rate of recommending probiotic use to patients.

Keywords

survey knowledge pediatric dentist probiotic attitude

References

  • Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, et al. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics Consensus Statement on the Scope and Appropriate Use of the Term Probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11(9):506-514. doi:10.1038/nrgas tro.2014.66.
  • Priyodip P, Prakash PY, Balaji S. Phytases of Probiotic Bacteria: Characteristics and Beneficial Aspects. Indian J Microbiol. 2017;57(2):148-154. doi:10.10 07/s12088-017-0647
  • Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Modulation of gut microbiota and immune system by probiotics, prebiotics, and post-biotics. Front Nutr. 2022;8:634897. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.634897.
  • Yeşilyurt N, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Involvement of probiotics and postbiotics in the immune system modulation. Biologics. 2021;1(2):89-110. doi:10.3390/ biologics1020006.
  • Khaneghah AM, Abhari K, Eş I, Soares MB, Oliveira RB, Hosseini H, Sant’Ana AS. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2020;95:205-218. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022.
  • Markowiak P, Ślizewska K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients. 2017;9:1021. doi:10.3390/nu9091021.
  • Sniffen JC, McFarland LV, Evans CT, Goldstein EJ. Choosing an appropriate probiotic product for your patient: An evidence-based practical guide. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0209205. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0209205.
  • Dronkers TM, Ouwehand AC, Rijkers GT. Global analysis of clinical trials with probiotics. Heliyon. 2020;6(7). doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04467.
  • Saïz P, Taveira N, Alves R. Probiotics in oral health and disease: A systematic review. Appl Sci. 2021;11(17):8070. doi:10.3390/app11178070.
  • Hojsak I, Fabiano V, Pop TL, et al. Guidance on the Use of Probiotics in Clinical Practice in Children with Selected Clinical Conditions and in Specific Vulnerable Groups. Acta Paediatr. 2018;107(5):927-937. doi:10.1111/apa.14270.
  • Robertson RC, Manges AR, Finlay BB, Prendergast AJ. The human microbiome and child growth-first 1000 days and beyond. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27:131–147. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.09. 008.
  • Szajewska H, Kołodziej M, Gieruszczak-Białek D, Skórka A, Ruszczyński M, Shamir R. Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for Treating Acute Gastroenteritis in Children—A 2019 Update. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2019;49:1376–1384. doi:10.1111/apt.15267.
  • Chugh P, Dutt R, Sharma A, Bhagat N, Dhar MS. A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health. J Funct Food. 2020;70:103985. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103985.
  • Shi J, Wang Q, Ruan G, et al. Efficacy of probiotics against dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;1-18. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2077693.
  • Fijan S, Frauwallner A, Varga L, et al. Health professionals’ knowledge of probiotics: an international survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17):3128. doi:10.3390/ijerph16173128.
  • Patait MR, Saraf KV, Wakchaure PM. Assessment of knowledge and awareness of probiotics among dental post-graduate students: A questionnaire study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2022;34(1):68-75. doi:10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_231_21
  • Philip C, Sreedhar G, Muhammed A, Majid SA. Knowledge and awareness of probiotics among the dental students in Thodupuzha: A questionnaire study. Glob J Res Anal. 2019;8:1-3.
  • Krishnan L, Poorni S, Nivedhitha MS, Srinivasan MR. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of probiotics for oral health among dental students: A cross-sectional study. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2022;20(3):230-233. doi:10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_2 3_22
  • Hu J, Jiang W, Lin X, et al. Dental Caries Status and Caries Risk Factors in Students Ages 12-14 Years in Zhejiang, China. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:3670-3678. doi:10.12659/MSM.907325.
  • Hoceini A, Khelil NK, Ben-Yelles I, et al. Caries-related factors and bacterial composition of supra-gingival plaques in caries-free and caries-active Algerian adults. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6(8):720-726. doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.011
  • Lin TH, Lin CH, Pan TM. The implication of probi- otics in the prevention of dental caries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(2):577-586. doi:10.1007/s00 253-017-8664-z
  • Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, et al. Diarylureas: New Promising Small Molecules against Streptococcus mutans for the Treatment of Dental Caries. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(1):112. doi:10.3 390/antibiotics12010112.
  • Kopacz K, Phadtare S. Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(8):1450. doi:10.3390/healthcare 10081450.
  • Hojsak I. Probiotics in children: what is the evidence? Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2017;20(3):139-146. doi:10.5223/pghn.2017.20.3.139
  • Kambale RM, Nancy FI, Ngaboyeka GA, Kasengi JB, Bindels LB, Van der Linden D. Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3158-3169. doi:10.1016/j.clnu. 2020.12.026
  • Soni R, Tank K, Jain N. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals about probiotic use in Ahmedabad, India. Nutr Food Sci. 2018;1:125-135. doi:10.1108/NFS-02-2018-0029.
  • Oliver L, Rasmussen H, Gregoire MB, Chen Y. Health care provider’s knowledge, perception, and use of probiotics and prebiotics. Top Clin Nutr. 2014;29(2):139-149.
  • Payahoo L, Nikniaz Z, Mahdavi R, Asghari Jafar Abadi M. Perceptions of medical sciences students towards probiotics. Health Promot Perspect. 2012;2(1):96-102.
  • Yurttaş M, Yılmaz A. Sağlık Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Probiyotik Ürünler Hakkında Bilgi Düzeyinin ve Tüketim Durumunun Belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2017;6(2):64-69.
  • Pandey KR, Naik SR, Vakil BV. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics—A review. J Food Sci Technol. 2015;52:7577–7587. doi:10.1007/s13197-015-19 21-1.
  • Hoang DM, Levy EI, Vandenplas Y. The impact of Caesarean section on the infant gut microbiome. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(1):60-67. doi:10.1111/ap a.15501.
  • Korpela K. Impact of Delivery Mode on Infant Gut Microbiota. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;1-9. doi:10.11 59/000518498
  • Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Reddy DN. Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(29):8787-8803. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787
  • Shao Y, Forster SC, Tsaliki E, et al. Stunted microbiota and opportunistic pathogen colonization in caesarean-section birth. Nature. 2019;574(7776):117-121. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1.
  • Hansen S, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF, Rytter D, Bech BH, Granström C. Birth by cesarean section in relation to adult offspring overweight and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Int J Obes. 2018;42:15-9. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.175.
  • Weber E, Reynaud Q, Suy F, et al. Bifidobacterium species bacteremia: risk factors in adults and infants. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2015;61:482-484. doi:10.10 93/cid/civ334.
  • Pruccoli G, Silvestro E, Pace Napoleone C, Aidala E, Garazzino S, Scolfaro C. Are probiotics safe? Bifidobacterium bacteremia in a child with severe heart failure. Infez. Med. 2019;27:175-178.
  • Farias da Cruz M, Baraúna Magno M, Alves Jural L, et al. Probiotics and dairy products in dentistry: A bibliometric and critical review of randomized clinical trials. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111228. doi:10.10 16/j.foodres. 2022.11 12 28.
  • Altındiş M, İnci MB, Elmas B, et al. Aile hekimleri, pediatristler ve eczacıların probiyotik kullanımları hakkında bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. J Biotechnol Strateg Health Res. 2018;2(2):108-116.
  • Kolaček S, Hojsak I, Berni Canani R, et al. Commercial Probiotic Products: A Call for Improved Quality Control. A Position Paper by the ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65:117–124. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001603.
  • De Simone C. The Unregulated Probiotic Market. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17:809–817. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.01.033.
  • Derin DÖ, Keskin S. Gıda mühendisliği öğrencilerinin probiyotik ürün tüketim durumlarının belirlenmesi: Ege Üniversitesi örneği. Gıda. 2013;38(4):215-222.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Paedodontics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ecem Akbeyaz Şivet 0000-0002-1890-7749

İrem Gümüşkaya 0000-0002-7218-7930

Betul Kargul 0000-0002-3294-8846

Early Pub Date April 2, 2024
Publication Date April 1, 2024
Submission Date October 16, 2023
Acceptance Date January 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akbeyaz Şivet, E., Gümüşkaya, İ., & Kargul, B. (2024). ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(1), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1376821
AMA Akbeyaz Şivet E, Gümüşkaya İ, Kargul B. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. April 2024;33(1):129-137. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1376821
Chicago Akbeyaz Şivet, Ecem, İrem Gümüşkaya, and Betul Kargul. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 33, no. 1 (April 2024): 129-37. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1376821.
EndNote Akbeyaz Şivet E, Gümüşkaya İ, Kargul B (April 1, 2024) ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 33 1 129–137.
IEEE E. Akbeyaz Şivet, İ. Gümüşkaya, and B. Kargul, “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, JHS, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 129–137, 2024, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1376821.
ISNAD Akbeyaz Şivet, Ecem et al. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 33/1 (April 2024), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1376821.
JAMA Akbeyaz Şivet E, Gümüşkaya İ, Kargul B. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. 2024;33:129–137.
MLA Akbeyaz Şivet, Ecem et al. “ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 33, no. 1, 2024, pp. 129-37, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1376821.
Vancouver Akbeyaz Şivet E, Gümüşkaya İ, Kargul B. ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLERİNİN PROBİYOTİKLERLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, GÖRÜŞ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JHS. 2024;33(1):129-37.
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