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HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 73 - 79, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2023.109

Abstract

Hafif bilişsel bozukluk demans ile normal yaşlanma süreci arasındaki evredir. Bilişsel kapasitedeki azalmanın kişi ve çevresi tarafından artık fark edilmeye başlandığı, ancak henüz demansın olmadığı bir klinik tablodur. Hafif bilişsel bozukluk olgularının bir kısmı ileride demansa dönüşüm göstermektedir. Demans hastalığının tedavisindeki zorluklar ve artan yaşlı nüfus oranları düşünüldüğünde erken tanının önemi giderek artmaktadır. Erken tanı koyabilmek için hafif bilişsel bozukluğun iyi tanımlanması ve bilinmesi gereklidir. Hafif bilişsel bozukluğun normal yaşlanma sürecinden ayrımı zor olmaktadır. Yaşlanmanın beraberinde getirdiği olumsuz yüklerle birlikte zaman zaman gözden kaçabilmektedir. Tanı kriterlerinin iyi bilinmesi, hastadan ve ailesinden alınacak ayrıntılı öykü ile daha doğru tanı konulabilmektedir. Ne kadar erken tanı konulursa bilişsel bozuklukların ilerlemesinin yavaşlatılması, demans gelişiminin önlenmesi ya da geciktirilmesi o kadar mümkündür. Nüfusun giderek yaşlanması ile birlikte demans yaşlı nüfusun en önemli sorunlarından biri halini almıştır. Bu anlamda hafif bilişsel bozukluğun önemi giderek artmaktadır.

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References

  • 1. Rodríguez JG, Gutiérrez GG. Definition and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017;52:3-6.
  • 2. Kuşoğlu L, Oktay C, Yiğit Ö. Acil Servise Başvuran 50 Yaş ve Üzeri Hastalarda Bilişsel Fonksiyon Bozukluğu. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 2021;7:258-67.
  • 3. Karakaş S, Karakaş HM. Multidisciplinary approach in the analysis of executive functions: from cognitive psychology to neuroradiology. J Clin Psy 2000;3:215-27.
  • 4. Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al. Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J intern med 2004;256:240-6.
  • 5. Hugo J, Ganguli M. Dementia and cognitive impairment: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Geriatr Med 2014;30:421-42.
  • 6. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Lucicesare A, et al. Prevalent depressive symptoms as a risk factor for conversion to mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Italian cohort. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;16:834-43.
  • 7. Ünalan PC. Active Ageing: Cognitive and Social Aspect. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician 2012;3:13-7.
  • 8. Karan MA, Tufan F. Yaşlanma mekanizmaları. Ege Tıp Dergisi 2010; 49:11-7.
  • 9. Morley JE. An Overview of Cognitive Impairment. Clin Geriatr Med 2018;34:505-13.
  • 10. Özkayar N, Arıoğul S. Yaşlanma ile meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2007;14:18-26.
  • 11. Cangöz B. Yaşlılık: Sadece kayıp mı? Bir ayrıcalık mı?. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2008;11:143-50.
  • 12. DenBoer JW. Cognitive intervention for early stage dementia: Research and techniques. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2018;25:562-71.
  • 13. Jongsiriyanyong S, Limpawattana P. Mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice: a review article. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018;33:500-7.
  • 14. Austrom MG, Lu Y. Long term caregiving: helping families of persons with mild cognitive impairment cope. Curr Alzheimer Res 2009;6:392-8.
  • 15. Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people. Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:687.
  • 16. Knopman DS, Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a clinical perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:1452-9.
  • 17. Vega JN, Newhouse PA. Mild cognitive impairment: diagnosis, longitudinal course, and emerging treatments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014;16:1-11.
  • 18. Nizamuddin M. Population ageing: policy responses to population ageing in Asia and the Pacific. In Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference 2000;2025:95.
  • 19. Langa KM, Levine DA. The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. Jama 2014;312:2551-61.
  • 20. Sanford AM. Mild cognitive impairment. Clin Geriatr Med 2017;33:325-37.
  • 21. Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment in Geriatrics. Clin Geriatr Med 2018;34:563-89.
  • 22. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011;7:270-9.
  • 23. Akkuş DE, Güler A. The Ege Agraphia Test Battery for Identifying the Writing Disorders in Cases with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2016;27:185-94.
  • 24. Espino DV, Lichtenstein MJ, Palmer RF, et al. Ethnic differences in Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores: Where you live makes a difference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:538-48.
  • 25. Birliği AP. Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal elkitabı. In: Nörobilişsel Bozukluklar. E Köroğlu (Çeviri Ed.). 5th ed. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. 2013.p.304-6.
  • 26. Petersen RC, Caracciolo B, Brayne C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution. J Intern Med 2014;275:214-28.
  • 27. Yavuz BB. Geriatrik Değerlendirme ve Testler. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2007;14:5-17.
  • 28. Breton A, Casey D, Arnaoutoglou NA. Cognitive tests for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the prodromal stage of dementia: Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019;34:233-42.
  • 29. Gagnon G, Hansen KT, Woolmore-Goodwin S, et al. Correcting the MoCA for education: effect on sensitivity. Can J Neurol Sci 2013;40:678-83.
  • 30. Selekler K, Cangöz B, Uluç S. Montreal bilişsel değerlendirme ölçeği (MOBİD)'nin hafif bilişsel bozukluk ve alzheımer hastalarını ayırt edebilme gücünün incelenmesi. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2010;13:166-71.
  • 31. Avcı Gülen HK, Yıldırım A, Emre U, et al. Hafif Bilişsel Bozuklukta MOBİD Ölçek Puanları ile Bilişsel Düzey Korelasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi. Istanbul Medical Journal 2017;18.
  • 32. Ercan Doğu S, Kokurcan A. Screening for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: A comparison between the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test. J Clin Psy 2023;26:28-36
  • 33. Ayhan Y, Karadağ Çaman Ö, Karahan S, et al. Modifiye-Mini-Mental Test (3MS) Türkçe Formu'nun Standardizasyonu ve Demansla İlişkili Bazı Çevresel Risk Etmenlerinin Tespiti için Toplum Temelli bir Çalışma: Metodoloji ve Örneklem Özellikleri. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2018;29:238-47.
  • 34. Fennema-Notestine C, McEvoy LK, Hagler Jr DJ, et al. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Structural neuroimaging in the detection and prognosis of pre-clinical and early AD. Behav Neurol 2009;21:3-12.
  • 35. Kim SH, Seo SW, Yoon DS, et al. Comparison of neuropsychological and FDG-PET findings between early-versus late-onset mild cognitive impairment: A five-year longitudinal study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010;29:213-23.
  • 36. Campbell NL, Unverzagt F, LaMantia MA, et al. Risk factors for the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 2013;29:873-93.
  • 37. Giau VV, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. Potential Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:4149.
  • 38. Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn) 2016;22:404-18.
  • 39. Klímová B, Vališ M. Nutritional Interventions as Beneficial Strategies to Delay Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Individuals. Nutrients 2018;10:905.
  • 40. Richard E, Schmand B, Eikelenboom P, et al. Symptoms of apathy are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in non-depressed subjects. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012;33:204-9.
  • 41. Anderson ND. State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). CNS Spectr 2019;24:78-87.

MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 73 - 79, 28.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2023.109

Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment is the stage between normal aging and dementia. Mild cognitive impairment is a clinical presentation where the decline in cognitive capacity is noticed by the person and their environment, but dementia is not yet present. Some cases of mild cognitive impairment may progress to dementia in the future. Considering the difficulties in treating dementia and the increasing proportion of elderly population, the significance of early diagnosis is progressively increasing. To be able to make an early diagnosis, it is necessary to have a good understanding and definition of mild cognitive impairment. Distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from the normal aging process can be difficult. It can sometimes be overlooked with the negative burdens that come with aging. Having a good knowledge of diagnostic criteria and obtaining a detailed history from the patient and their family can lead to a more accurate diagnosis. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the more possible it is to slow down the progression of cognitive impairments, prevent or delay the development of dementia. As the population ages, dementia has become one of the most significant issues for the elderly population. In this sense, the significance of mild cognitive impairment is progressively increasing.

References

  • 1. Rodríguez JG, Gutiérrez GG. Definition and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2017;52:3-6.
  • 2. Kuşoğlu L, Oktay C, Yiğit Ö. Acil Servise Başvuran 50 Yaş ve Üzeri Hastalarda Bilişsel Fonksiyon Bozukluğu. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 2021;7:258-67.
  • 3. Karakaş S, Karakaş HM. Multidisciplinary approach in the analysis of executive functions: from cognitive psychology to neuroradiology. J Clin Psy 2000;3:215-27.
  • 4. Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, et al. Mild cognitive impairment-beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J intern med 2004;256:240-6.
  • 5. Hugo J, Ganguli M. Dementia and cognitive impairment: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Geriatr Med 2014;30:421-42.
  • 6. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Lucicesare A, et al. Prevalent depressive symptoms as a risk factor for conversion to mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Italian cohort. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;16:834-43.
  • 7. Ünalan PC. Active Ageing: Cognitive and Social Aspect. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician 2012;3:13-7.
  • 8. Karan MA, Tufan F. Yaşlanma mekanizmaları. Ege Tıp Dergisi 2010; 49:11-7.
  • 9. Morley JE. An Overview of Cognitive Impairment. Clin Geriatr Med 2018;34:505-13.
  • 10. Özkayar N, Arıoğul S. Yaşlanma ile meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2007;14:18-26.
  • 11. Cangöz B. Yaşlılık: Sadece kayıp mı? Bir ayrıcalık mı?. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2008;11:143-50.
  • 12. DenBoer JW. Cognitive intervention for early stage dementia: Research and techniques. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2018;25:562-71.
  • 13. Jongsiriyanyong S, Limpawattana P. Mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice: a review article. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2018;33:500-7.
  • 14. Austrom MG, Lu Y. Long term caregiving: helping families of persons with mild cognitive impairment cope. Curr Alzheimer Res 2009;6:392-8.
  • 15. Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, et al. Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people. Clin Interv Aging 2015;10:687.
  • 16. Knopman DS, Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a clinical perspective. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:1452-9.
  • 17. Vega JN, Newhouse PA. Mild cognitive impairment: diagnosis, longitudinal course, and emerging treatments. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2014;16:1-11.
  • 18. Nizamuddin M. Population ageing: policy responses to population ageing in Asia and the Pacific. In Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference 2000;2025:95.
  • 19. Langa KM, Levine DA. The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. Jama 2014;312:2551-61.
  • 20. Sanford AM. Mild cognitive impairment. Clin Geriatr Med 2017;33:325-37.
  • 21. Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment in Geriatrics. Clin Geriatr Med 2018;34:563-89.
  • 22. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011;7:270-9.
  • 23. Akkuş DE, Güler A. The Ege Agraphia Test Battery for Identifying the Writing Disorders in Cases with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2016;27:185-94.
  • 24. Espino DV, Lichtenstein MJ, Palmer RF, et al. Ethnic differences in Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores: Where you live makes a difference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:538-48.
  • 25. Birliği AP. Ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve sayımsal elkitabı. In: Nörobilişsel Bozukluklar. E Köroğlu (Çeviri Ed.). 5th ed. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği. 2013.p.304-6.
  • 26. Petersen RC, Caracciolo B, Brayne C, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: a concept in evolution. J Intern Med 2014;275:214-28.
  • 27. Yavuz BB. Geriatrik Değerlendirme ve Testler. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi 2007;14:5-17.
  • 28. Breton A, Casey D, Arnaoutoglou NA. Cognitive tests for the detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the prodromal stage of dementia: Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019;34:233-42.
  • 29. Gagnon G, Hansen KT, Woolmore-Goodwin S, et al. Correcting the MoCA for education: effect on sensitivity. Can J Neurol Sci 2013;40:678-83.
  • 30. Selekler K, Cangöz B, Uluç S. Montreal bilişsel değerlendirme ölçeği (MOBİD)'nin hafif bilişsel bozukluk ve alzheımer hastalarını ayırt edebilme gücünün incelenmesi. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2010;13:166-71.
  • 31. Avcı Gülen HK, Yıldırım A, Emre U, et al. Hafif Bilişsel Bozuklukta MOBİD Ölçek Puanları ile Bilişsel Düzey Korelasyonunun Değerlendirilmesi. Istanbul Medical Journal 2017;18.
  • 32. Ercan Doğu S, Kokurcan A. Screening for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: A comparison between the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test. J Clin Psy 2023;26:28-36
  • 33. Ayhan Y, Karadağ Çaman Ö, Karahan S, et al. Modifiye-Mini-Mental Test (3MS) Türkçe Formu'nun Standardizasyonu ve Demansla İlişkili Bazı Çevresel Risk Etmenlerinin Tespiti için Toplum Temelli bir Çalışma: Metodoloji ve Örneklem Özellikleri. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2018;29:238-47.
  • 34. Fennema-Notestine C, McEvoy LK, Hagler Jr DJ, et al. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging I. Structural neuroimaging in the detection and prognosis of pre-clinical and early AD. Behav Neurol 2009;21:3-12.
  • 35. Kim SH, Seo SW, Yoon DS, et al. Comparison of neuropsychological and FDG-PET findings between early-versus late-onset mild cognitive impairment: A five-year longitudinal study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2010;29:213-23.
  • 36. Campbell NL, Unverzagt F, LaMantia MA, et al. Risk factors for the progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 2013;29:873-93.
  • 37. Giau VV, Bagyinszky E, An SSA. Potential Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:4149.
  • 38. Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn) 2016;22:404-18.
  • 39. Klímová B, Vališ M. Nutritional Interventions as Beneficial Strategies to Delay Cognitive Decline in Healthy Older Individuals. Nutrients 2018;10:905.
  • 40. Richard E, Schmand B, Eikelenboom P, et al. Symptoms of apathy are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease in non-depressed subjects. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012;33:204-9.
  • 41. Anderson ND. State of the science on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). CNS Spectr 2019;24:78-87.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Meltem Puşuroğlu 0000-0002-1970-3262

Early Pub Date July 28, 2023
Publication Date July 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Puşuroğlu, M. (2023). HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK. Eskisehir Medical Journal, 4(2), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2023.109
AMA Puşuroğlu M. HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK. Eskisehir Med J. July 2023;4(2):73-79. doi:10.48176/esmj.2023.109
Chicago Puşuroğlu, Meltem. “HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (July 2023): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2023.109.
EndNote Puşuroğlu M (July 1, 2023) HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK. Eskisehir Medical Journal 4 2 73–79.
IEEE M. Puşuroğlu, “HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK”, Eskisehir Med J, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 73–79, 2023, doi: 10.48176/esmj.2023.109.
ISNAD Puşuroğlu, Meltem. “HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK”. Eskisehir Medical Journal 4/2 (July 2023), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2023.109.
JAMA Puşuroğlu M. HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK. Eskisehir Med J. 2023;4:73–79.
MLA Puşuroğlu, Meltem. “HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK”. Eskisehir Medical Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, 2023, pp. 73-79, doi:10.48176/esmj.2023.109.
Vancouver Puşuroğlu M. HAFİF BİLİŞSEL BOZUKLUK. Eskisehir Med J. 2023;4(2):73-9.