Abstract
Giriş: Hastane ortamında çocuklar birçok korku ve anksiyete yaratan durumla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Ancak ülkemizde hastane ortamında
küçük yaş grubundaki çocukların korku ve anksiyetelerini değerlendirebilecek ölçekler bulunmamaktadır. Amaç: Metodolojik olarak
planlanan çalışmada Çocuk Anksiyete Skalası-Durumluluk (ÇAS-D) ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeğinin (ÇKÖ) Türk diline kazandırılması
amaçlanmıştır Yöntem: Örneklem 4-10 yaş arası flebotomi uygulanan 135 çocuğu içermiştir. Veriler, Ocak-Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında,
sosyo-demografik veri toplama formu, ÇAS-D ve ÇKÖ kullanılarak toplanılmıştır. Her iki ölçek için çeviri geri çeviri yöntemi kullanılmış,
kapsam geçerlik indeksi değerlendirilmiştir. Test- tekrar test yöntemi, korelasyon analizi kullanılmış olup, ÇAS-D ve ÇKÖ puanlarını
açıklayan faktörlerin belirlenmesinde regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır Bulgular: ÇAS-D ve ÇKÖ için kapsam geçerlik indeksi sırasıyla 1.00
ve 0.89’dur. ÇAS-D puan ortalaması ve çocuk, ebeveyn ve araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirilen ÇKÖ puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif
yönde yüksek düzeyde ilişki saptanmıştır. Çocukların anksiyete puanları ile yaşları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu,
çocukların korku puanları ile yaşları arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu ve kronik hastalık varlığı ile pozitif yönde anlamlı bir
ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır Sonuç: Sonuçlarımıza göre, ÇAS-D ve ÇKÖ’nin Türkçe versiyonu Türk çocuklar için geçerli ve güvenilir ölçekler
olup kolaylıkla kullanılabilir. Yaş ve kronik hastalık varlığı korku ve anksiyete üzerinde belirleyici iki önemli değişken olup, kronik hastalığa
sahip küçük yaş grubu çocuklarda korku ve anksiyeteyi azaltmaya yönelik çalışmalar planlanabilir
References
- Aydin, D., Sahiner, N.C. (2017). Effects of music therapy and distraction cards on pain relief during phlebotomy in children. Applied Nursing Research, 33, 164–168.
- Aydin, D., Şahiner, N.C., Çiftçi, E.K. (2016). Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25(15–16), 2328–2335.
- Başbakkal, Z., Sönmez, S., Şen Celasin, N., Esenay, F. (2010). 3-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuğun Akut Bir Hastalık Nedeniyle Hastaneye Yatışa Karşı Davranışsal Tepkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 456-468.
- Blount, R. L., Cohen, L. L., Frank, N. C., Bachanas, P. J., Smith, A. J., Manimala, M. R., Pate, J. T. (1997). The Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised: an assessment of validity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22(1), 73–88.
- Crestani, A. H., Moraes, A. B., Souza, A.P.R. (2017). Content validation: clarity/relevance, reliability and internal consistency of enunciative signs of language acquisition. Codas, 29(4), e20160180.
- Elliott, C. H., Jay, S. M., Woody, P. (1987). An observation scale for measuring children’s distress during medical procedures. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 12(4), 543–51.
- Ersig, A.L., Kleiber, C., McCarthy, A.M., ve Hanrahan, K. (2013). Validation of a clinically useful measure of children’s state anxiety before medical procedures. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 18(4), 311-319.
- Hedén, L., von Essen, L., Ljungman, G. (2016). The relationship between fear and pain levels during needle procedures in children from the parents’ perspective. European Journal of Pain, 20(2), 223–230.
- Kain, Z.N., Mayes, L.C., Cicchetti, D.V, Bagnall, A.L., Finley, J.D., Hofstadter, M.B. (1997). The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale : How Does It Compare with a “Gold Standard”? Anesthesia and Analgesia, 85, 783–788.
- Kleiber, C., Mccarthy, A.M. (2010). Evaluating Instruments for a Study on Children’s Responses to a Painful Procedure When Parents are Distraction Coaches. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 21(2), 99- 107.
- McKinley, S., Coote, K., Stein-Parbury, J. (2003). Development and Testing of a Faces Scale for the Assessment of Anxiety in Critical Ill Patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(1), 73–79.
- McMurtry, C.M., Noel, M., Chambers, C.T., McGrath, P.J. (2011). Children’s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale. Health Psychology, 30(6), 780–788.
- Sahiner, N. C., Bal, M.D. (2016). The effects of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. Journal of Child Health Care, 20(3), 277–285.
- Seligman, L.D., Ollendick, T.H., Langley, A.K., Baldacci, H.B. (2004). The utility of measures of child and adolescent anxiety: a metaanalytic review of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 53, 33(3), 557–565.
- Şen Beytut, D., Bolişik, B., Solak, U., Seyfioglu, U. (2009). Çocuklarda Hastaneye Yatma Etkilerinin Projektif Yöntem Olan Resim Çizme Yoluyla İncelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3), 35–44.
- Von Baeyer, C. L., Rdpsych, P. (2009). Children’s self-report of pain intensity: What we know, where we are headed overview of self-report measurement. Pain Res Manage, 14(1).
- Wright, K.D., Eisner, A., Stewart, S.H., Finley, G.A. (2010). Measurement of Preoperative Anxiety in Young Children: Self-report Versus Observer-rated. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 416–427.
Abstract
Background: In the hospital environment, children are faced with many anxiety and fear situations. However, there are no scales that can
assess the anxiety and fear of children in the small age group during the invasive procedures in our country. Objectives: This methodological
study was performed to gain of Children’s State Anxiety (CSA) and Children’s Fear Scale (CFS) to Turkish Language. Methods: The study
sample was composed of 135 children undergoing phlebotomy aged 4-10 years. The data were obtained by using the socio-demographic data
collection form, CSA and CFS. For both scales, the translation back translation method was used and the content validity index was
evaluated. Test-retest method and correlation analysis were used, and regression analysis was used to determine the factors that explain CSA
and CFS scores. Results: The content validity index were 1.00 and 0.89, respectively for CSA and CFS. There was a high level of positive
correlation between the CSA average score and the CFS average scores assessed by the child, the parent and the researcher. It was found that
there was a significant negative correlation between the children's anxiety scores and their ages; and that there was a significant negative
correlation between the children's fear scores and their ages and a positive relationship with the presence of chronic illness. Conclusion:
According to our results, it has been shown that the CSA and CFS Turkish version is a valid/reliable for Turkish children. Age and chronic
illness are two important variables on fear and anxiety, and studies on reducing fear and anxiety can be planned in young children with
chronic illness
References
- Aydin, D., Sahiner, N.C. (2017). Effects of music therapy and distraction cards on pain relief during phlebotomy in children. Applied Nursing Research, 33, 164–168.
- Aydin, D., Şahiner, N.C., Çiftçi, E.K. (2016). Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in decreasing pain during venipuncture in children: ball squeezing, balloon inflating and distraction cards. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25(15–16), 2328–2335.
- Başbakkal, Z., Sönmez, S., Şen Celasin, N., Esenay, F. (2010). 3-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuğun Akut Bir Hastalık Nedeniyle Hastaneye Yatışa Karşı Davranışsal Tepkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 456-468.
- Blount, R. L., Cohen, L. L., Frank, N. C., Bachanas, P. J., Smith, A. J., Manimala, M. R., Pate, J. T. (1997). The Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale-Revised: an assessment of validity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22(1), 73–88.
- Crestani, A. H., Moraes, A. B., Souza, A.P.R. (2017). Content validation: clarity/relevance, reliability and internal consistency of enunciative signs of language acquisition. Codas, 29(4), e20160180.
- Elliott, C. H., Jay, S. M., Woody, P. (1987). An observation scale for measuring children’s distress during medical procedures. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 12(4), 543–51.
- Ersig, A.L., Kleiber, C., McCarthy, A.M., ve Hanrahan, K. (2013). Validation of a clinically useful measure of children’s state anxiety before medical procedures. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 18(4), 311-319.
- Hedén, L., von Essen, L., Ljungman, G. (2016). The relationship between fear and pain levels during needle procedures in children from the parents’ perspective. European Journal of Pain, 20(2), 223–230.
- Kain, Z.N., Mayes, L.C., Cicchetti, D.V, Bagnall, A.L., Finley, J.D., Hofstadter, M.B. (1997). The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale : How Does It Compare with a “Gold Standard”? Anesthesia and Analgesia, 85, 783–788.
- Kleiber, C., Mccarthy, A.M. (2010). Evaluating Instruments for a Study on Children’s Responses to a Painful Procedure When Parents are Distraction Coaches. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 21(2), 99- 107.
- McKinley, S., Coote, K., Stein-Parbury, J. (2003). Development and Testing of a Faces Scale for the Assessment of Anxiety in Critical Ill Patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(1), 73–79.
- McMurtry, C.M., Noel, M., Chambers, C.T., McGrath, P.J. (2011). Children’s fear during procedural pain: Preliminary investigation of the Children’s Fear Scale. Health Psychology, 30(6), 780–788.
- Sahiner, N. C., Bal, M.D. (2016). The effects of three different distraction methods on pain and anxiety in children. Journal of Child Health Care, 20(3), 277–285.
- Seligman, L.D., Ollendick, T.H., Langley, A.K., Baldacci, H.B. (2004). The utility of measures of child and adolescent anxiety: a metaanalytic review of the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 53, 33(3), 557–565.
- Şen Beytut, D., Bolişik, B., Solak, U., Seyfioglu, U. (2009). Çocuklarda Hastaneye Yatma Etkilerinin Projektif Yöntem Olan Resim Çizme Yoluyla İncelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(3), 35–44.
- Von Baeyer, C. L., Rdpsych, P. (2009). Children’s self-report of pain intensity: What we know, where we are headed overview of self-report measurement. Pain Res Manage, 14(1).
- Wright, K.D., Eisner, A., Stewart, S.H., Finley, G.A. (2010). Measurement of Preoperative Anxiety in Young Children: Self-report Versus Observer-rated. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 416–427.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 1, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 |
E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty was indexed by ULAKBİM Turkish Medical Index, Turk Medline, Turkiye Atıf Dizini, (since february 2021) EBSCO HOST, (since 26th of october 2021) DOAJ and (since 18th of January) Index Copernicus.
