Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 57 - 64, 29.05.2023
Abstract
References
- Morgan GE, Mikhael MS (1996) Clinical Anesthesiology, second edition, Appleton & Lange Publisher, Stanford, Connecticut, s: 211-29.
- Kayhan Z (1997) Ayaktan Yapılacak Girişimlerde anestezi. Klinik Anestezi, 2. Baskı, Logos Yayıncılık, s: 604-6.
- Miller RD (1994) Opioids. Anaesthesia, fourth edition, Miller RD (Ed) Churchill Livingstone Inc, New York, p: 490.
- Kumar M, Dayal N, Rautela RS, Sethi AK. Effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on postoperative pain following spinal anesthesia. A randomized double blind controlled study. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2013;22(3):251-6.
- Farouk I, Hassan MM, Fetouh AM, Elgayed AEA, Eldin MH, Abdelhamid BM. Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate versus dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing bilateral inguinal hernial surgeries under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2021;71(5):489-497.
- Frassanito L, Messina A, Vergari A, Colombo D, Chierichini A, Della Corte F, Navalesi P, Antonelli M. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(11):1184-91.
- Del Castillo J, Engbaek L. The nature of the neuromuscular block produced by magnesium. J Physiol 1954; 124: 370-384.
- Jenkinson DH. The nature of the magnesium ions at the neuromuscular junction. J Physiol 1957; 138:434-444.
- Akutagawa T, Kitahata LM, Saito II, Collins JG, Katz JD. Magnesium enhances local anesthetic nerve block of frog sciatic nerve. Ancsth Analg 1984; 63: 111-116.
- Lee C, Zhang X, Kwan WF. Electromyographic and mechanomyographic characteristics of neuromuscular block by magnesium sulphate in the pig. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 278- 283.
- Mantley A A. Magnesium increases rate of onset of desensitization in frog muscle. Am J Physiol 1982; 242: C319-C325.
- Ryu JH, Kang MH, Park KS, Do SH. Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in gynaecology patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100: 397–403.
- Wilder-Smith OHG, Arendt-Nielsen L, Gaumann D, Tassonyi E, Rifat K. Sensory changes and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a comparison of anesthetic supplementation with fentanyl versus magnesium or ketamine. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 95-101.
- McCarthy RJ, Kroin JS, Tuman KJ, Penn RD, Ivankovich AD. Antinociceptive potentiation and attenuation of tolerance by intrathecal co-infusion of magnesium sulfate and morphine in rats. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 830-836.
- Apan A, Buyukkocak U, Ozcan S, Sari F, Basar H. Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesth 2004; 21: 766-769.
- Woolf CJ, Thompson SWN. The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states. Pain 1991; 44: 293-299.
- Feria M, Abad F, Sánchez A, Abreu P. Magnesium sulfate injected subcutaneously suppresses autotomy in peripherally deafferented rats. Pain 1993; 53: 287-293.
- Cheng JK, Lai YJ, Chen CC, Cheng CR, Chiou LC. Magnesium chloride and ruthenium red attenuate the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal gabapentin in a rat model of postoperative pain. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 1472-1479.
- Bahar M. Chainimov M, Grinspun Y, Kaufman I Cohen MJ. Spinal anaesthesia induced by intrathecal magnesium sulphate. An experimental study in a rat. Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 627-633.
- Chainimov M, Cohen ML, Grinspun Y, Herbert M, Reif R, Kaufman I, Bahar M. Neurotoxicity after spinal anaesthesia induced by serial intrathecal injections of magnesium sulphate. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 223-228.
- Buvanendran A, McCharty RJ, Kroin JS, Leong W, Perry P, Turnan K. Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 661-666.
- Telci L, Esen F, Akcora D, Erden T, Canpolat AT, Akpir K. Evaluation of effects of magnesium sulphate in reducing intraoperative anaesthetic requirements. Br J Anaesth 2002;89:594-598.
- Tramer MR, Schneider J, Marti RA, Rifat K. Role of magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 340-347.
- Choi DW, Rothman SM. The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Ann. RevNeurosci 1990; 13: 171-182.
- Young AB. Role of excittotoxins in heredito-degenerative neurologic diseases. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 71: 175-189.
- Bhatia A, Kashyap L, Pawar DK, Trikha A. Effect of intraoperative magnesium infusion on perioperative analgesia in open cholecystectomy. J Clin Anesth 2004; 16: 262–5.
- Koinig H, Wallner T, Marhofer P, Andel H, Horauf K, Mayer N. Magnesium sulfate reduces intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 206–10.
- Seyhan TO, Tugrul M, Sungur MO, et al. Effects of three different dose regimens of magnesium on propofol requirements, haemodynamic variables and postoperative pain relief in gynaecological surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96: 247–52.
- James MFM. Magnesium: an emerging drug in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 465–7.
- Dube L, Granry JC. The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review. Can J Anaesth 2003; 50: 732–46.
The Effects of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Perioperative Hemodynamics, Postoperative Recovery, and Analgesia in Arthroscopic Knee Surgery During Spinal Anesthesia
Abstract
Objectives: Magnesium sulphate infusion after general anesthesia reduces post-operative analgesic consumption. Numerous clinical investigations have demonstrated that magnesium infusion during general anesthesia reduced anesthetic requirement and post-operative analgesic consumption. This study was planned and executed to assess the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on perioperative hemodynamics and post-operative analgesic consumption in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery.
Methods: ASA I and II patients, aged 18-65 years, undergoing spinal anesthesia for arthroscopic knee surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were assigned to two groups according to presence of magnesium sulfate infusion. Patients in the magnesium group (Group M) received magnesium sulphate 40 mg kg-1 for 15 min after spinal anesthesia and then 20 mg kg-1 h-1 by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. Patients in the saline group (Group I) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. For each case, a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device containing tramadol hydrochloride was connected i.v. at the end of surgery. Postoperative pain score, analgesic consumption and hemodynamics were recorded at 4., 8., 12. and 24. h after surgery. The incidences of postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache were recorded. Blood samples for serum Mg concentration were obtained in Group M before surgery, and 30 minutes and 24 hours after surgery.
Results: Fourty patients were included in our study. Postoperative pain score and analgesic consumption in Group M patients were significantly less in comparison with Group I. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic variables and side effects during the intra- or postoperative period. Postoperative serum Mg concentration in Group M was significantly higher than that in Group I at 30. minutes after surgery; however no significant side effect was observed.
References
- Morgan GE, Mikhael MS (1996) Clinical Anesthesiology, second edition, Appleton & Lange Publisher, Stanford, Connecticut, s: 211-29.
- Kayhan Z (1997) Ayaktan Yapılacak Girişimlerde anestezi. Klinik Anestezi, 2. Baskı, Logos Yayıncılık, s: 604-6.
- Miller RD (1994) Opioids. Anaesthesia, fourth edition, Miller RD (Ed) Churchill Livingstone Inc, New York, p: 490.
- Kumar M, Dayal N, Rautela RS, Sethi AK. Effect of intravenous magnesium sulphate on postoperative pain following spinal anesthesia. A randomized double blind controlled study. Middle East J Anaesthesiol. 2013;22(3):251-6.
- Farouk I, Hassan MM, Fetouh AM, Elgayed AEA, Eldin MH, Abdelhamid BM. Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate versus dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing bilateral inguinal hernial surgeries under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled study. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2021;71(5):489-497.
- Frassanito L, Messina A, Vergari A, Colombo D, Chierichini A, Della Corte F, Navalesi P, Antonelli M. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate and postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;81(11):1184-91.
- Del Castillo J, Engbaek L. The nature of the neuromuscular block produced by magnesium. J Physiol 1954; 124: 370-384.
- Jenkinson DH. The nature of the magnesium ions at the neuromuscular junction. J Physiol 1957; 138:434-444.
- Akutagawa T, Kitahata LM, Saito II, Collins JG, Katz JD. Magnesium enhances local anesthetic nerve block of frog sciatic nerve. Ancsth Analg 1984; 63: 111-116.
- Lee C, Zhang X, Kwan WF. Electromyographic and mechanomyographic characteristics of neuromuscular block by magnesium sulphate in the pig. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76: 278- 283.
- Mantley A A. Magnesium increases rate of onset of desensitization in frog muscle. Am J Physiol 1982; 242: C319-C325.
- Ryu JH, Kang MH, Park KS, Do SH. Effects of magnesium sulphate on intraoperative anaesthetic requirements and postoperative analgesia in gynaecology patients receiving total intravenous anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100: 397–403.
- Wilder-Smith OHG, Arendt-Nielsen L, Gaumann D, Tassonyi E, Rifat K. Sensory changes and pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a comparison of anesthetic supplementation with fentanyl versus magnesium or ketamine. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 95-101.
- McCarthy RJ, Kroin JS, Tuman KJ, Penn RD, Ivankovich AD. Antinociceptive potentiation and attenuation of tolerance by intrathecal co-infusion of magnesium sulfate and morphine in rats. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 830-836.
- Apan A, Buyukkocak U, Ozcan S, Sari F, Basar H. Postoperative magnesium sulphate infusion reduces analgesic requirements in spinal anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesth 2004; 21: 766-769.
- Woolf CJ, Thompson SWN. The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states. Pain 1991; 44: 293-299.
- Feria M, Abad F, Sánchez A, Abreu P. Magnesium sulfate injected subcutaneously suppresses autotomy in peripherally deafferented rats. Pain 1993; 53: 287-293.
- Cheng JK, Lai YJ, Chen CC, Cheng CR, Chiou LC. Magnesium chloride and ruthenium red attenuate the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal gabapentin in a rat model of postoperative pain. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 1472-1479.
- Bahar M. Chainimov M, Grinspun Y, Kaufman I Cohen MJ. Spinal anaesthesia induced by intrathecal magnesium sulphate. An experimental study in a rat. Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 627-633.
- Chainimov M, Cohen ML, Grinspun Y, Herbert M, Reif R, Kaufman I, Bahar M. Neurotoxicity after spinal anaesthesia induced by serial intrathecal injections of magnesium sulphate. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 223-228.
- Buvanendran A, McCharty RJ, Kroin JS, Leong W, Perry P, Turnan K. Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 661-666.
- Telci L, Esen F, Akcora D, Erden T, Canpolat AT, Akpir K. Evaluation of effects of magnesium sulphate in reducing intraoperative anaesthetic requirements. Br J Anaesth 2002;89:594-598.
- Tramer MR, Schneider J, Marti RA, Rifat K. Role of magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 340-347.
- Choi DW, Rothman SM. The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Ann. RevNeurosci 1990; 13: 171-182.
- Young AB. Role of excittotoxins in heredito-degenerative neurologic diseases. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 71: 175-189.
- Bhatia A, Kashyap L, Pawar DK, Trikha A. Effect of intraoperative magnesium infusion on perioperative analgesia in open cholecystectomy. J Clin Anesth 2004; 16: 262–5.
- Koinig H, Wallner T, Marhofer P, Andel H, Horauf K, Mayer N. Magnesium sulfate reduces intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements. Anesth Analg 1998; 87: 206–10.
- Seyhan TO, Tugrul M, Sungur MO, et al. Effects of three different dose regimens of magnesium on propofol requirements, haemodynamic variables and postoperative pain relief in gynaecological surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96: 247–52.
- James MFM. Magnesium: an emerging drug in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103: 465–7.
- Dube L, Granry JC. The therapeutic use of magnesium in anesthesiology, intensive care and emergency medicine: a review. Can J Anaesth 2003; 50: 732–46.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | May 29, 2023 |
| Submission Date | May 9, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |
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