Research Article
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How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 80 - 87, 01.03.2024

Elif Dağlı

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256

Abstract

This research was carried out to determine the effects of birth satisfaction, perceived stress level and some factors on postpartum depression (PPD). In the study; cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and predictive research designs were used. 446 women who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The average age of the women was 28.48±57.14 (min-max: 19-44). While 13.9% of women were at risk of PPD and there was a negative and moderate relationship between birth satisfaction and PPD risk (r=-0.403), a negative but low-level significant relationship was obtained between perceived stress (r=-0.325). Among the socio-demographic variables, the education level has the highest impact, while among the obstetric characteristics, the disease status of the baby has the highest impact. Perceived stress has the greatest effect compared to all variables. In this study risk of PPD; It was determined that birth satisfaction had a negative effect and perceived stress had a positive effect. Among the socio-demographic characteristics; age (35 years and above), education level; place of residence, obstetric characteristics; It was concluded that pregnancy planning, pregnancy problems, baby’s health, pregnancy follow-up and birth support factors are effective on the risk of PPD.

Keywords

Birth Satisfaction Stress Postpartum depression Risk Midwife

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval was obtained from Çukurova University Medicine Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (dated 8 April 2022, numbered 121/72).

Supporting Institution

Çukurova University Medicine Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee

Thanks

The author thank all women who participated in this study for their cooperation.

References

  • Ahmad HA, Alkhatib A, Luo J. 2021. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Preg Childbirth, 21(1): 542. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9.
  • Ahmed GK, Elbeh K, Shams RM, Malek MAA, Ibrahim AK. 2021. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Upper Egypt: A multicenter primary health care study. J Affective Disord, 290: 211-218.
  • American Psychiatric Association. 2022. History of the manual. URL: https: //www.psychiatry.org/ psychiatrists/practice/dsm/about-dsm (accessed date: March 14, 2023).
  • Baltaş Z, Atakuman Y, Duman Y. 1998. Standardization of the Perceived Stress Scale: Perceived stress in middle managers. Stress and Anxiety Research Society, 19th the International Conference, Boğaziçi University, July: 10-12, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 9.
  • Bingöl TY, Tel H. 2007. Doğum sonrası dönemdeki kadınlarda algılanan sosyal destek ve depresyon düzeyleri ile etkileyen faktörler. Anadolu Hemşir Sağlık Bilim Derg, 10(3): 1-6.
  • Cheng D, Schwarz EB, Douglas F, Horon I. 2009. Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Contraception, 79: 194-198.
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav, 24: 385-396.
  • Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. 1987. Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Br J Psychiatry, 150: 712-26.
  • Dağlı E, Kul-Uctu A, Özerdoğan N. 2021. Sexual dysfunction in the postpartum period: Its relationship with postpartum depression and certain other factors. Perspect Psychiat Care, 57(2): 604-609.
  • Dağlı E, Reyhan FA, Topkara FN, Moridi M. 2023. Turkish validity and reliability study of the “respectful maternity care” knowledge and practice scale of midwives. European J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 19: 100222. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.202 3.100222.
  • Dündar PE. 2006. Postpartum depression prevalance and state report of woman in a semi-urban region. 8. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi Diyarbakır Dicle Üniversitesi Basımevi, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, ss: 158-968. doi: 10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2012.03.0182.
  • Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geçkil E, Sunar-Reeder B. 2008. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in eastern Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 34: 585-593.
  • Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. 1997. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 51-52.
  • Eskin M. 1993. Reliability of the Turkish version of the perceived social support from friends and family scales, scale for ınterpersonal behavior, and the suicide probability scale. J Clin Psychol, 49: 515-522.
  • Galiano JMM, Martínez AH, Almagro JR, Rodríguez MD, Salgado JG. 2019. Relationship between parity and the problems that appear in the postpartum period. Sci Rep, 9: 11763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47881-3.
  • Gökmen Ö, Erbil N, Demirbağ BC. 2018. Doğum memnuniyet ölçeğini revize formunun Türk toplumuna uyarlanması. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşir Derg, 1(Özel Sayı): 238-239.
  • Hain S, Oddo-Sommerfeld S, Bahlmann F, Louwen F, Schermelleh-Engel K. 2016. Risk and protective factors for antepartum and postpartum depression: a prospective study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 37(4): 119-129.
  • Hollins-Martin C, Martin CR. 2014. Development and psychometric properties of the birth satisfaction scale- revised (BSS-R). Midwifery, 30: 610-619.
  • Iwata H, Mori E, Sakajo A, Aoki K, Maehara K, Tamakoshi K. 2016. Prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum: association with maternal age and parity. J Affect Disord, 203: 227-232.
  • Körükcü Ö, Deliktaş A, Aydin R, Kabukcuoğlu K. 2017. Gebelikte psikososyal sağlık durumu ile doğum korkusu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Clin Exper Health Sci, 7(4): 159-165.
  • Moyo GP, Djoda N. 2020. Relationship between the baby blues and postpartum depression: a study among Cameroonian women. American J Psyc Neurosci, 8(1): 26-29.
  • Qi F, Zhao W, Liu Y, Li Q, Hu J. 2021. Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis. BMC Preg Childbirth, 21(1): 1-15, doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03657-0.
  • Reyhan FA, Sayıner FD, Özen H. 2023. A mixed-design study on the development of birth unit assessment scale. Midwifery, 123. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103708.
  • Ruschel P, Zielinsky P, Grings C, Pimentel J, Azevedo L, Painagua R, Nicoloso L. 2014. Maternal-fetal attachment and prenatal diagnosis of heart disease. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 174: 70-75.
  • Scheyer K, Urizar GG. 2016. Altered stress patterns and increased risk for postpartum depression among low-income pregnant women. Arch Women's Ment Health, 19: 317-328.
  • Urbanova E, Skodova Z, Baskova M. 2021. The association between birth satisfaction and the risk of postpartum depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18: 10458.
  • Vural G, Akkuzu G. 1999. Normal vajinal yolla doğum yapan primipar annelerin doğum sonu 10. günde depresyon yaygınlıklarının incelenmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniv Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Derg, 3(1): 33-38.
  • Yim IS, Tanner-Stapleton LR, Guardino CM, Hahn-Holbrook J, Dunkel-Schetter C. 2015. Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: Systematic review and call for integraton. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 11: 99-137.

How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 80 - 87, 01.03.2024

Elif Dağlı

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256

Abstract

This research was carried out to determine the effects of birth satisfaction, perceived stress level and some factors on postpartum depression (PPD). In the study; cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and predictive research designs were used. 446 women who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The average age of the women was 28.48±57.14 (min-max: 19-44). While 13.9% of women were at risk of PPD and there was a negative and moderate relationship between birth satisfaction and PPD risk (r=-0.403), a negative but low-level significant relationship was obtained between perceived stress (r=-0.325). Among the socio-demographic variables, the education level has the highest impact, while among the obstetric characteristics, the disease status of the baby has the highest impact. Perceived stress has the greatest effect compared to all variables. In this study risk of PPD; It was determined that birth satisfaction had a negative effect and perceived stress had a positive effect. Among the socio-demographic characteristics; age (35 years and above), education level; place of residence, obstetric characteristics; It was concluded that pregnancy planning, pregnancy problems, baby’s health, pregnancy follow-up and birth support factors are effective on the risk of PPD.

Keywords

Birth Satisfaction Stress Postpartum depression Risk Midwife

References

  • Ahmad HA, Alkhatib A, Luo J. 2021. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Preg Childbirth, 21(1): 542. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9.
  • Ahmed GK, Elbeh K, Shams RM, Malek MAA, Ibrahim AK. 2021. Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression in Upper Egypt: A multicenter primary health care study. J Affective Disord, 290: 211-218.
  • American Psychiatric Association. 2022. History of the manual. URL: https: //www.psychiatry.org/ psychiatrists/practice/dsm/about-dsm (accessed date: March 14, 2023).
  • Baltaş Z, Atakuman Y, Duman Y. 1998. Standardization of the Perceived Stress Scale: Perceived stress in middle managers. Stress and Anxiety Research Society, 19th the International Conference, Boğaziçi University, July: 10-12, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 9.
  • Bingöl TY, Tel H. 2007. Doğum sonrası dönemdeki kadınlarda algılanan sosyal destek ve depresyon düzeyleri ile etkileyen faktörler. Anadolu Hemşir Sağlık Bilim Derg, 10(3): 1-6.
  • Cheng D, Schwarz EB, Douglas F, Horon I. 2009. Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors. Contraception, 79: 194-198.
  • Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav, 24: 385-396.
  • Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. 1987. Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Br J Psychiatry, 150: 712-26.
  • Dağlı E, Kul-Uctu A, Özerdoğan N. 2021. Sexual dysfunction in the postpartum period: Its relationship with postpartum depression and certain other factors. Perspect Psychiat Care, 57(2): 604-609.
  • Dağlı E, Reyhan FA, Topkara FN, Moridi M. 2023. Turkish validity and reliability study of the “respectful maternity care” knowledge and practice scale of midwives. European J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 19: 100222. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.202 3.100222.
  • Dündar PE. 2006. Postpartum depression prevalance and state report of woman in a semi-urban region. 8. Ulusal Halk Sağlığı Kongresi Diyarbakır Dicle Üniversitesi Basımevi, Diyarbakır, Türkiye, ss: 158-968. doi: 10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2012.03.0182.
  • Ege E, Timur S, Zincir H, Geçkil E, Sunar-Reeder B. 2008. Social support and symptoms of postpartum depression among new mothers in eastern Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 34: 585-593.
  • Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. 1997. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 51-52.
  • Eskin M. 1993. Reliability of the Turkish version of the perceived social support from friends and family scales, scale for ınterpersonal behavior, and the suicide probability scale. J Clin Psychol, 49: 515-522.
  • Galiano JMM, Martínez AH, Almagro JR, Rodríguez MD, Salgado JG. 2019. Relationship between parity and the problems that appear in the postpartum period. Sci Rep, 9: 11763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47881-3.
  • Gökmen Ö, Erbil N, Demirbağ BC. 2018. Doğum memnuniyet ölçeğini revize formunun Türk toplumuna uyarlanması. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşir Derg, 1(Özel Sayı): 238-239.
  • Hain S, Oddo-Sommerfeld S, Bahlmann F, Louwen F, Schermelleh-Engel K. 2016. Risk and protective factors for antepartum and postpartum depression: a prospective study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 37(4): 119-129.
  • Hollins-Martin C, Martin CR. 2014. Development and psychometric properties of the birth satisfaction scale- revised (BSS-R). Midwifery, 30: 610-619.
  • Iwata H, Mori E, Sakajo A, Aoki K, Maehara K, Tamakoshi K. 2016. Prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms during the first 6 months postpartum: association with maternal age and parity. J Affect Disord, 203: 227-232.
  • Körükcü Ö, Deliktaş A, Aydin R, Kabukcuoğlu K. 2017. Gebelikte psikososyal sağlık durumu ile doğum korkusu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Clin Exper Health Sci, 7(4): 159-165.
  • Moyo GP, Djoda N. 2020. Relationship between the baby blues and postpartum depression: a study among Cameroonian women. American J Psyc Neurosci, 8(1): 26-29.
  • Qi F, Zhao W, Liu Y, Li Q, Hu J. 2021. Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis. BMC Preg Childbirth, 21(1): 1-15, doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03657-0.
  • Reyhan FA, Sayıner FD, Özen H. 2023. A mixed-design study on the development of birth unit assessment scale. Midwifery, 123. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103708.
  • Ruschel P, Zielinsky P, Grings C, Pimentel J, Azevedo L, Painagua R, Nicoloso L. 2014. Maternal-fetal attachment and prenatal diagnosis of heart disease. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 174: 70-75.
  • Scheyer K, Urizar GG. 2016. Altered stress patterns and increased risk for postpartum depression among low-income pregnant women. Arch Women's Ment Health, 19: 317-328.
  • Urbanova E, Skodova Z, Baskova M. 2021. The association between birth satisfaction and the risk of postpartum depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18: 10458.
  • Vural G, Akkuzu G. 1999. Normal vajinal yolla doğum yapan primipar annelerin doğum sonu 10. günde depresyon yaygınlıklarının incelenmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniv Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Derg, 3(1): 33-38.
  • Yim IS, Tanner-Stapleton LR, Guardino CM, Hahn-Holbrook J, Dunkel-Schetter C. 2015. Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: Systematic review and call for integraton. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 11: 99-137.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Midwifery (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Dağlı 0000-0002-4608-8904

Early Pub Date February 18, 2024
Publication Date March 1, 2024
Submission Date December 22, 2023
Acceptance Date February 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dağlı, E. (2024). How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 7(2), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256
AMA Dağlı E. How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?. BSJ Health Sci. March 2024;7(2):80-87. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256
Chicago Dağlı, Elif. “How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7, no. 2 (March 2024): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256.
EndNote Dağlı E (March 1, 2024) How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7 2 80–87.
IEEE E. Dağlı, “How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 80–87, 2024, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256.
ISNAD Dağlı, Elif. “How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 7/2 (March 2024), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256.
JAMA Dağlı E. How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?. BSJ Health Sci. 2024;7:80–87.
MLA Dağlı, Elif. “How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 80-87, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1408256.
Vancouver Dağlı E. How Do Birth Satisfaction, Perceived Stress, and Some Factors Affect the Risk of Postpartum Depression?. BSJ Health Sci. 2024;7(2):80-7.
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