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Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 178 - 184, 01.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930

Abstract

One of the determinants of food intake, impulsivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity by triggering uncontrolled and excessive eating. It is estimated that increased impulsivity makes it harder to resist foods high in sugar, salt and fat. Evidence has been increasing in recent years regarding the roles of different components of impulsivity in obesity and some eating behaviors (especially uncontrolled, emotional and restrictive eating). Unfortunately, animal and human experiments examining the effects of dietary interventions on impulsivity and cross-sectional studies examining the food choices and consumption habits of individuals with high impulsivity are limited. Considering the role of impulsivity in eating disorders is important to elucidate the development and onset of eating disorders, as impulsivity may be associated with some impaired eating behaviors and behaviors such as substance use and non-suicidal self-harm. Current research shows that the use of impulsivity-focused approaches (computer-assisted cognitive training, psychotherapy etc.) to modify impulsivity in people with binge eating episodes is promising. In addition, mindful and intuitive eating trainings that focuses on problematic eating behaviors and difficulties in controlling food intake, can use in the treatment of eating disorders and obesity for reducing the level of impulsivity. In these treatments, complementary therapy to reduce impulsivity in addition to the healthy diet approach should be considered. This article examines the role of impulsivity in obesity and eating behaviors, the results of current intervention studies on this subject, and treatment approaches targeting impulsivity.

References

  • Arteaga-Henríquez G, Rosales-Ortiz SK, Arias-Vásquez A, Bitter I, Ginsberg Y, Ibañez-Jimenez P. 2020. Treating impulsivity with probiotics in adults (PROBIA): study protocol of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials, 21: 161.
  • Beecher K, Cooper IA, Wang J, Walters SB, Chehrehasa F, Bartlett SE. 2021. Long-term overconsumption of sugar starting at adolescence produces persistent hyperactivity and neurocognitive deficits in adulthood. Front Neurosci, 15: 670430.
  • Bénard M, Camilleri GM, Etilé F, Méjean C, Bellisle F, Reach G. 2017. Association between impulsivity and weight status in a general population. Nutrients, 9: 1-14.
  • Bennett C, Blissett J. 2020. Interactive effects of impulsivity and dietary restraint over snack intake in children. Appetite, 146: 104496.
  • Berner LA, Winter SR, Matheson BE, Benson L, Lowe MR. 2017. Behind binge eating: A review of food-specific adaptations of neurocognitive and neuroimaging tasks. Physiol Behav, 176: 59-70.
  • Byrne ME, Shank LM, Altman DR, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Moore NA. 2021. Inhibitory control and negative affect in relation to food intake among youth. Appetite, 156: 04858.
  • Chen S, Jia Y, Woltering S. 2018. Neural differences of inhibitory control between adolescents with obesity and their peers. Int J Obes, 42: 1753-1761.
  • Cook RL, O'Dwyer NJ, Donges CE, Parker HM, Cheng HL, Steinbeck KS. 2017. Relationship between obesity and cognitive function in young women: the food, mood and mind study. J Obes, 2017: 5923862.
  • Emiroğlu E, Işık M. 2022. Impulsivity as a determinant of food intake: a cross-sectional study of its role in eating attitudes and behaviors. Turkiye Klin J Health Sci, doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86816.
  • Fonseca NKO, Molle RD, Costa MA, Goncalves FG¸ Silva AC, Rodrigues Y. 2020. Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Braz J Psychiatry, 42(4): 382-388.
  • Garman TS, Setlow B, Orsini CA. 2021. Effects of a high-fat diet on impulsive choice in rats. Physiol Behav, 229: 113260.
  • Giel KE, Teufel M, Junne F, Zipfel S, Schag K. 2017. Food-related impulsivity in obesity and binge eating disorder-a systematic update of the evidence. Nutrients, 9: 1170.
  • Guerrieri R, Nederkoorn C, Stankiewicz K, Alberts H, Geschwind N, Martijn C. 2007. The influence of trait and induced state impulsivity on food intake in normal-weight healthy women. Appetite, 49: 66-73.
  • Hendrickson KL, Rasmussen EB. 2017. Mindful eating reduces impulsive food choice in adolescents and adults. Health Psych, 36: 226-235.
  • Heshmat S. 2011. Overeating and decision-making deficits. eating behavior and obesity - behavioral economics strategies for health professionals. Springer Publishing Company, Newyork, US, pp:160-165.
  • Howard M, Gregertsen EC, Hindocha C, Serpell L. 2020. Impulsivity and compulsivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review. Psychiat Res, 293: 113354.
  • Howard M, Roiser JP, Gilbert SJ, Burgess PW, Dayan P, Serpell L. 2020. Short-term fasting selectively influences impulsivity in healthy individuals. Front Psychol, 11: 1644.
  • Huang S, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhen S. 2017. Trait impulsivity components correlate differently with proactive and reactive control. PLoS ONE, 12: e0176102.
  • İnce B, Schlatter J, Max S, Plewnia C, Zipfel S, Giel KE. 2021. Can we change binge eating behaviour by interventions addressing food-related impulsivity? A systematic review. J Eat Disord, 9: 38.
  • Jansen A, Nederkoorn C, van Baak L, Keirse C, Guerrieri R, Havermans R. 2009. High-restrained eaters only overeat when they are also impulsive. Behav Res Ther, 47: 105-110.
  • Jasinska AJ, Yasuda M, Burant CF, Gregor N, Khatri S, Sweet M. 2012. Impulsivity and inhibitory control deficits are associated with unhealthy eating in young adults. Appetite, 59: 738-747.
  • Javelle F, Li D, Zimmer P, Johnson SL. 2021. Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 91: 69-76.
  • Koningsbruggen GM, Stroebe W, Aarts H. 2013. Successful restrained eating and trait impulsiveness. Appetite, 60: 81-84.
  • Lapenta OM, Sierve KD, de Macedo EC, Fregni F, Boggio PS. 2014. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates ERP-indexed inhibitory control and reduces food consumption. Appetite, 83: 42-48.
  • Lavender JM, Mitchell JE. 2015. Eating disorders and their relationship to impulsivity. Curr Treat Options Psych, 2: 394-401.
  • Leitch MA, Morgan MJ, Yeomans MR. 2013. Different subtypes of impulsivity differentiate uncontrolled eating and dietary restraint. Appetite, 69: 54-63.
  • Lim JE, Kim S, Seo S, Kang W, Kim A, Kang Y. 2021. Association of prefrontal cortex thinning with high impulsivity in healthy adults. Psychiatry Invest, 18: 570-579.
  • Luzi L, Gandini S, Massarini S, Bellerba F, Terruzzi I, Senesi P. 2021. Reduction of impulsivity in patients receiving deep transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obesity. Endocrine, 74: 559-570.
  • Lyu Z, Zheng P, Chen H, Jackson T. 2017. Approach and inhibition responses to external food cues among average-weight women who binge eat and weight-matched controls. Appetite, 108: 367-374.
  • Marques ICF, Ting M, Cedillo-Martínez D, Pérez-Cueto FJA. 2020. Effect of impulsivity traits on food choice within a nudging intervention. Nutrients, 12: 1402.
  • Meule A, Hofmann J, Weghuber D, Blechert J. 2016. Impulsivity, perceived self-regulatory success in dieting, and body mass in children and adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Appetite, 107: 15-20.
  • Meule A, Lutz A, Krawietz V, Stützer J, Vögele C, Kübler A. 2014. Food-cue affected motor response inhibition and self-reported dieting success: a pictorial affective shifting task. Front Psychol, 5: 216.
  • Nederkoorn C, Smulders FTY, Havermans RC, Roefs A, Jansen A. 2006. Impulsivity in obese women. Appetite, 47: 253-256.
  • Price M, LeeM, Higgs S. 2016. Food-specific response inhibition, dietary restraint and snack intake in lean and overweight/obese adults: a moderated-mediation model. Int J Obes, 40: 877-882.
  • Rasmussen EB, Lawyer SR, Reilly W. 2021. Percent body fat is related to delay and probability discounting for food in humans. Behav Proc, 83: 23-30.
  • Reyes S, Peirano P, Peigneux P, Lozoff B, Algarin C. 2015. Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children. Int J Obes, 39: 1230-1235.
  • Ross KM, Eastman A, Ugwoaba U, Demos KE, Lillis J, Wing RR. 2020. Food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and weight change during and after a 3-month weight loss program. PLoS ONE, 15: e0243530.
  • San Mauro Martina I, Sanz Rojoa S, González Cosanoa L, Conty de la Campaa R, Garicano Vilaray E, Blumenfeld Olivaresb JA. 2022. Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: A randomised clinical trial. Neurología, 37(7): 513-523.
  • Satyal MK, Basso JC, Tegge AN, Metpally AR, Bickel WK. 2021. A novel model of obesity prediction: Neurobehaviors as targets for treatment. Behav Neurosci, 135: 426-442.
  • Schag K, Schönleber J, Teufel M, Zipfel S, Giel KE. 2013. Food-related impulsivity in obesity and binge eating disorder-a systematic review. Obes Rev, 14: 477-495.
  • Schienle A, Schäfer A, Hermann A, Vaitl D. 2009. Binge-eating disorder: reward sensitivity and brain activation to images of food. Biol Psychiat, 65: 654-661.
  • Schmidt R, Sebert C, Kösling C, Grunwald M, Hilbert A, Hübner C. 2018. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological indicators of general and food-specific impulsivity in children with overweight and obesity: a pilot study. Nutrients, 10: 1983.
  • Steele CC, Pirkle JRA, Davis IR, Kirkpatrick K. 2019. Dietary effects on the determinants of food choice: Impulsive choice, discrimination, incentive motivation, preference, and liking in male rats. Appetite, 136: 160-172.
  • Steele CC, Pirkle JRA, Kirkpatrick K. 2017. Diet-induced impulsivity: Effects of a high-fat and a high-sugar diet on impulsive choice in rats. PLoS One, 12: e0180510.
  • Steele CC, Steele TJ, Gwinner M, Rosenkranz SK, Kirkpatrick K. 2021. The relationship between dietary fat intake, impulsive choice, and metabolic health. Appetite, 165: 105292.
  • Su Y, Bi T, Gong G, Jiang Q, Chen H. 2019. Why Do Most Restrained Eaters Fail in Losing Weight?: Evidence from an fMRI Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 12: 1127-1136.
  • Turton R, Nazar BP, Burgess EE, Lawrence NS, Cardi V, Treasure J. 2018. To go or not to go: a proof of concept study testing food-specific inhibition training for women with eating and weight disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 26: 11-21.
  • Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. 2017. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev, 30: 272-283.
  • Wen HJ, Tsai CL. 2020. neurocognitive inhibitory control ability performance and correlations with biochemical markers in obese women. Int J Environ Res Pub Health, 17: 2726.
  • Yeomans MR, Leitch M, Mobini S. 2008. Impulsivity is associated with the disinhibition but not restraint factor from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Appetite, 50: 469-476.

Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 178 - 184, 01.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930

Abstract

One of the determinants of food intake, impulsivity may contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity by triggering uncontrolled and excessive eating. It is estimated that increased impulsivity makes it harder to resist foods high in sugar, salt and fat. Evidence has been increasing in recent years regarding the roles of different components of impulsivity in obesity and some eating behaviors (especially uncontrolled, emotional and restrictive eating). Unfortunately, animal and human experiments examining the effects of dietary interventions on impulsivity and cross-sectional studies examining the food choices and consumption habits of individuals with high impulsivity are limited. Considering the role of impulsivity in eating disorders is important to elucidate the development and onset of eating disorders, as impulsivity may be associated with some impaired eating behaviors and behaviors such as substance use and non-suicidal self-harm. Current research shows that the use of impulsivity-focused approaches (computer-assisted cognitive training, psychotherapy etc.) to modify impulsivity in people with binge eating episodes is promising. In addition, mindful and intuitive eating trainings that focuses on problematic eating behaviors and difficulties in controlling food intake, can use in the treatment of eating disorders and obesity for reducing the level of impulsivity. In these treatments, complementary therapy to reduce impulsivity in addition to the healthy diet approach should be considered. This article examines the role of impulsivity in obesity and eating behaviors, the results of current intervention studies on this subject, and treatment approaches targeting impulsivity.

References

  • Arteaga-Henríquez G, Rosales-Ortiz SK, Arias-Vásquez A, Bitter I, Ginsberg Y, Ibañez-Jimenez P. 2020. Treating impulsivity with probiotics in adults (PROBIA): study protocol of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials, 21: 161.
  • Beecher K, Cooper IA, Wang J, Walters SB, Chehrehasa F, Bartlett SE. 2021. Long-term overconsumption of sugar starting at adolescence produces persistent hyperactivity and neurocognitive deficits in adulthood. Front Neurosci, 15: 670430.
  • Bénard M, Camilleri GM, Etilé F, Méjean C, Bellisle F, Reach G. 2017. Association between impulsivity and weight status in a general population. Nutrients, 9: 1-14.
  • Bennett C, Blissett J. 2020. Interactive effects of impulsivity and dietary restraint over snack intake in children. Appetite, 146: 104496.
  • Berner LA, Winter SR, Matheson BE, Benson L, Lowe MR. 2017. Behind binge eating: A review of food-specific adaptations of neurocognitive and neuroimaging tasks. Physiol Behav, 176: 59-70.
  • Byrne ME, Shank LM, Altman DR, Swanson TN, Ramirez E, Moore NA. 2021. Inhibitory control and negative affect in relation to food intake among youth. Appetite, 156: 04858.
  • Chen S, Jia Y, Woltering S. 2018. Neural differences of inhibitory control between adolescents with obesity and their peers. Int J Obes, 42: 1753-1761.
  • Cook RL, O'Dwyer NJ, Donges CE, Parker HM, Cheng HL, Steinbeck KS. 2017. Relationship between obesity and cognitive function in young women: the food, mood and mind study. J Obes, 2017: 5923862.
  • Emiroğlu E, Işık M. 2022. Impulsivity as a determinant of food intake: a cross-sectional study of its role in eating attitudes and behaviors. Turkiye Klin J Health Sci, doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86816.
  • Fonseca NKO, Molle RD, Costa MA, Goncalves FG¸ Silva AC, Rodrigues Y. 2020. Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder. Braz J Psychiatry, 42(4): 382-388.
  • Garman TS, Setlow B, Orsini CA. 2021. Effects of a high-fat diet on impulsive choice in rats. Physiol Behav, 229: 113260.
  • Giel KE, Teufel M, Junne F, Zipfel S, Schag K. 2017. Food-related impulsivity in obesity and binge eating disorder-a systematic update of the evidence. Nutrients, 9: 1170.
  • Guerrieri R, Nederkoorn C, Stankiewicz K, Alberts H, Geschwind N, Martijn C. 2007. The influence of trait and induced state impulsivity on food intake in normal-weight healthy women. Appetite, 49: 66-73.
  • Hendrickson KL, Rasmussen EB. 2017. Mindful eating reduces impulsive food choice in adolescents and adults. Health Psych, 36: 226-235.
  • Heshmat S. 2011. Overeating and decision-making deficits. eating behavior and obesity - behavioral economics strategies for health professionals. Springer Publishing Company, Newyork, US, pp:160-165.
  • Howard M, Gregertsen EC, Hindocha C, Serpell L. 2020. Impulsivity and compulsivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review. Psychiat Res, 293: 113354.
  • Howard M, Roiser JP, Gilbert SJ, Burgess PW, Dayan P, Serpell L. 2020. Short-term fasting selectively influences impulsivity in healthy individuals. Front Psychol, 11: 1644.
  • Huang S, Zhu Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhen S. 2017. Trait impulsivity components correlate differently with proactive and reactive control. PLoS ONE, 12: e0176102.
  • İnce B, Schlatter J, Max S, Plewnia C, Zipfel S, Giel KE. 2021. Can we change binge eating behaviour by interventions addressing food-related impulsivity? A systematic review. J Eat Disord, 9: 38.
  • Jansen A, Nederkoorn C, van Baak L, Keirse C, Guerrieri R, Havermans R. 2009. High-restrained eaters only overeat when they are also impulsive. Behav Res Ther, 47: 105-110.
  • Jasinska AJ, Yasuda M, Burant CF, Gregor N, Khatri S, Sweet M. 2012. Impulsivity and inhibitory control deficits are associated with unhealthy eating in young adults. Appetite, 59: 738-747.
  • Javelle F, Li D, Zimmer P, Johnson SL. 2021. Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 91: 69-76.
  • Koningsbruggen GM, Stroebe W, Aarts H. 2013. Successful restrained eating and trait impulsiveness. Appetite, 60: 81-84.
  • Lapenta OM, Sierve KD, de Macedo EC, Fregni F, Boggio PS. 2014. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates ERP-indexed inhibitory control and reduces food consumption. Appetite, 83: 42-48.
  • Lavender JM, Mitchell JE. 2015. Eating disorders and their relationship to impulsivity. Curr Treat Options Psych, 2: 394-401.
  • Leitch MA, Morgan MJ, Yeomans MR. 2013. Different subtypes of impulsivity differentiate uncontrolled eating and dietary restraint. Appetite, 69: 54-63.
  • Lim JE, Kim S, Seo S, Kang W, Kim A, Kang Y. 2021. Association of prefrontal cortex thinning with high impulsivity in healthy adults. Psychiatry Invest, 18: 570-579.
  • Luzi L, Gandini S, Massarini S, Bellerba F, Terruzzi I, Senesi P. 2021. Reduction of impulsivity in patients receiving deep transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obesity. Endocrine, 74: 559-570.
  • Lyu Z, Zheng P, Chen H, Jackson T. 2017. Approach and inhibition responses to external food cues among average-weight women who binge eat and weight-matched controls. Appetite, 108: 367-374.
  • Marques ICF, Ting M, Cedillo-Martínez D, Pérez-Cueto FJA. 2020. Effect of impulsivity traits on food choice within a nudging intervention. Nutrients, 12: 1402.
  • Meule A, Hofmann J, Weghuber D, Blechert J. 2016. Impulsivity, perceived self-regulatory success in dieting, and body mass in children and adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Appetite, 107: 15-20.
  • Meule A, Lutz A, Krawietz V, Stützer J, Vögele C, Kübler A. 2014. Food-cue affected motor response inhibition and self-reported dieting success: a pictorial affective shifting task. Front Psychol, 5: 216.
  • Nederkoorn C, Smulders FTY, Havermans RC, Roefs A, Jansen A. 2006. Impulsivity in obese women. Appetite, 47: 253-256.
  • Price M, LeeM, Higgs S. 2016. Food-specific response inhibition, dietary restraint and snack intake in lean and overweight/obese adults: a moderated-mediation model. Int J Obes, 40: 877-882.
  • Rasmussen EB, Lawyer SR, Reilly W. 2021. Percent body fat is related to delay and probability discounting for food in humans. Behav Proc, 83: 23-30.
  • Reyes S, Peirano P, Peigneux P, Lozoff B, Algarin C. 2015. Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children. Int J Obes, 39: 1230-1235.
  • Ross KM, Eastman A, Ugwoaba U, Demos KE, Lillis J, Wing RR. 2020. Food reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and weight change during and after a 3-month weight loss program. PLoS ONE, 15: e0243530.
  • San Mauro Martina I, Sanz Rojoa S, González Cosanoa L, Conty de la Campaa R, Garicano Vilaray E, Blumenfeld Olivaresb JA. 2022. Impulsiveness in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder after an 8-week intervention with the Mediterranean diet and/or omega-3 fatty acids: A randomised clinical trial. Neurología, 37(7): 513-523.
  • Satyal MK, Basso JC, Tegge AN, Metpally AR, Bickel WK. 2021. A novel model of obesity prediction: Neurobehaviors as targets for treatment. Behav Neurosci, 135: 426-442.
  • Schag K, Schönleber J, Teufel M, Zipfel S, Giel KE. 2013. Food-related impulsivity in obesity and binge eating disorder-a systematic review. Obes Rev, 14: 477-495.
  • Schienle A, Schäfer A, Hermann A, Vaitl D. 2009. Binge-eating disorder: reward sensitivity and brain activation to images of food. Biol Psychiat, 65: 654-661.
  • Schmidt R, Sebert C, Kösling C, Grunwald M, Hilbert A, Hübner C. 2018. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological indicators of general and food-specific impulsivity in children with overweight and obesity: a pilot study. Nutrients, 10: 1983.
  • Steele CC, Pirkle JRA, Davis IR, Kirkpatrick K. 2019. Dietary effects on the determinants of food choice: Impulsive choice, discrimination, incentive motivation, preference, and liking in male rats. Appetite, 136: 160-172.
  • Steele CC, Pirkle JRA, Kirkpatrick K. 2017. Diet-induced impulsivity: Effects of a high-fat and a high-sugar diet on impulsive choice in rats. PLoS One, 12: e0180510.
  • Steele CC, Steele TJ, Gwinner M, Rosenkranz SK, Kirkpatrick K. 2021. The relationship between dietary fat intake, impulsive choice, and metabolic health. Appetite, 165: 105292.
  • Su Y, Bi T, Gong G, Jiang Q, Chen H. 2019. Why Do Most Restrained Eaters Fail in Losing Weight?: Evidence from an fMRI Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 12: 1127-1136.
  • Turton R, Nazar BP, Burgess EE, Lawrence NS, Cardi V, Treasure J. 2018. To go or not to go: a proof of concept study testing food-specific inhibition training for women with eating and weight disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 26: 11-21.
  • Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. 2017. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev, 30: 272-283.
  • Wen HJ, Tsai CL. 2020. neurocognitive inhibitory control ability performance and correlations with biochemical markers in obese women. Int J Environ Res Pub Health, 17: 2726.
  • Yeomans MR, Leitch M, Mobini S. 2008. Impulsivity is associated with the disinhibition but not restraint factor from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Appetite, 50: 469-476.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics
Journal Section Review
Authors

Elif Emiroğlu 0000-0003-0575-5587

Şule Aktaç 0000-0002-2158-5015

Publication Date January 1, 2023
Submission Date April 5, 2022
Acceptance Date September 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Emiroğlu, E., & Aktaç, Ş. (2023). Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6(1), 178-184. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930
AMA Emiroğlu E, Aktaç Ş. Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet. BSJ Health Sci. January 2023;6(1):178-184. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930
Chicago Emiroğlu, Elif, and Şule Aktaç. “Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6, no. 1 (January 2023): 178-84. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930.
EndNote Emiroğlu E, Aktaç Ş (January 1, 2023) Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6 1 178–184.
IEEE E. Emiroğlu and Ş. Aktaç, “Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet”, BSJ Health Sci., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 178–184, 2023, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930.
ISNAD Emiroğlu, Elif - Aktaç, Şule. “Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6/1 (January 2023), 178-184. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930.
JAMA Emiroğlu E, Aktaç Ş. Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6:178–184.
MLA Emiroğlu, Elif and Şule Aktaç. “Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 178-84, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1098930.
Vancouver Emiroğlu E, Aktaç Ş. Food-Related Impulsivity in the Triangle of Obesity, Eating Behaviors and Diet. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6(1):178-84.