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EFFECT OF BRUSHING AND WHITENING-TOOTHPASTE ON SURFACE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 22 - 32, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.27222

Abstract

Purpose: Purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the effect of brushing and two different whitening toothpaste brushing on surface roughness and microhardness of four different type of composites (hybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilledand silorane based composites). Material and Methods: 80 composite samples were prepared. Samples were classified into 4 main groups (n=20): Control,Colgate Motion Whitening Toothbrush (CWT),Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste (OWT) and Beyond Pearl White Toothpaste (BPW). Control group was stored in distilled water for 14 day, as baseline. CWT brushing were applied 2 minutes a day with distilled water or OWT or BPW for 14 days. After 14 days, surface roughness (Sa) was measured by noncontact 3D laser profilometer and surface hardness (VHN) were measured by Vickers tester. SEM Evaluation was done under x750. Kruskal Wallis, post Hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison, Mann Whitney U tests were used in the comparison of groups. Statistical significance level was established at p<0.05. Result: Although roughness’s of the hybrid and nano filled composites were significantly increased (p<0.05), there are no significant changes were measured in surface hardness of CWT brushed composite specimens (p≥0.05). Hybrid composite showed the most roughness surface after brushing with BPW (32.62±6.17). No structural changes were detected on SEM micrographs of all groups after brushing. Conclusion: There is no significant differences between micro hardness of microhybrid composites which are neither methacrylate nor silorane based composites. Roughness and hardness of nano composites showed no significant difference after brushing with toothbrush and whitening toothpastes

References

  • Hossain A, Okawa S, Miyakawa O. Effect of toothbrushing on titanium surface: an approach to understanding surface properties of brushed titanium. Dent Mater 2006; 22:346-52.
  • Abouelatta OB, AA Abdel-Samad and AA Sakrana. Wear and surface roughness of current veneered materials after toothbrush/ dentifrice abrasion. J. Mater. Process. Technol 2005, 168: 431-7.
  • Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J, Newcombe RG, Addy M. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J 2000; 10:620-4.
  • Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LR, Ambrosano GM. Brushing effect of abrasive dentifrices during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel surface roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006; 15:25-34.
  • Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA .Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006; 18:102-8.
  • Maldupa I, Brinkmane A, Rendeniece I, Mihailova A. Evidence based toothpaste classification, according to certain characteristics of their chemical composition. Stomatologija. 2012;14:12- 22.
  • Joiner A Whitening toothpastes: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e17-24.
  • Camargo IM, Saiki M, Vasconcellos MB, Avila DM. (2001). Abrasiveness evaluation of silica and calcium carbonate used in the production of dentifrices. J Cosmet Sci 2001; 52:163-7.
  • Liljeborg A, Tellefsen G, Johannsen G. The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity. Int J Dent Hygiene 2010; 8:237–243.
  • Lewis R, Dwyer-Joyce RS, Pickles MJ. Interaction between toothbrushes and toothpaste abrasive particles in simulated tooth cleaning. Wear 2004; 257:368-76.
  • Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater 2010; 26:306-19.
  • Lea SC, Khan A, Patanwala HS, Landini G, Walmsley AD. The effects of load and toothpaste on powered toothbrush vibrations. J Dent 2007; 35:350-4.
  • Neme AL, Frazier KB, Roeder LB, Debner TL. Effect of prophylactic polishing protocols on the surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent 2002; 27:50–8.
  • Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M.Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997; 13:258-69.
  • Dabanoğlu A . Nano kompozitler. T.D.B. Dişhek Klin Derg 2004; 17:20-5.
  • Mitra SB, Wu D, Holmes BN. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. J Am Dent. Assoc 2003; 134:1382-90.
  • Terry DA. Applications of nanotechnology. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2004; 16: 220-2.
  • Ure D, Harris J. Nanotechnology in dentistry: reduction to practice. Dent Update 2003; 30:10-5.
  • . Chen MH. Update on dental nanocomposites J Dent Res. 2010; 89:549-60.
  • Malhotra N, Kundabala M, Shashirashmi A. Strategies to overcome polymerization shrinkage-- materials and techniques. A review. Dent. Update. 2010; 37:115-8
  • Buergers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Streptococcal adhesion to novel low-shrink silorane-based restorative. Dent Mater 2009; 25:269-75.
  • Duarte S Jr, Botta AC, Phark JH, Sadan A. Selected mechanical and physical properties and clinical application of a new low-shrinkage composite restoration. Quintessence Int 2009; 40:631-8.
  • Eick JD, Kotha SP, Chappelow CC, Kilway KV, Giese GJ, Glaros AG, Pinzino CS. Properties of silorane- based dental resins and composites containing a stress-reducing monomer. Dent Mater 2007; 23:1011-7.
  • Furuse AY, Gordon K, Rodrigues FP, Silikas N, Watts DC. Colour-stability and gloss retention of silorane and dimethacrylate composites with accelerated aging. J Dent 2008; 36:945-52.
  • Ilie N, Hickel R. Macro-, micro- and nano- mechanical investigations on silorane and methacrylate-based composites. Dent Mater 2009; 25:810-9.
  • Teixeira EC, Thompson JL, Piascik JR, Thompson JY. In vitro toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of two restorative composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2005; 17:172-80.
  • Pamir T, Korkut ZO, Tezel H, Köse T, Özataş F. Aşıındırıcılık Derceleri Farklı Beyazlatıclı Diş Macunlarının Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Pürüzlü- lüğü Ve Mikrosertliğin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007; 24: 89-95.
  • Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006; 31:39-46.
  • Joniot SB, Gregoire GL, Auther AM, Roques YM. Three-Dimensional optical profilometry analysis of surface states obtained after finishing sequences for three composite resins. Oper Dent 2000; 25:311-5.
  • Yazici AR, Müftü A, Kugel G. Three Dimensional Surface Profile Analysis of Different Types of Flowable Restorative Resins Following Different finishing Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pra 2007; 8:1- 17.
  • Liljeborg A, Tellefsen G, Johannsen G. The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity. Int J Dent Hygiene 2010; 8:237–43.
  • Sawase T, Wennerberg A, Hallgren C, Albrektsson T, Baba K. Chemical and Topographical Surface Analysis of Five Different Implant Abutments. Clin Oral Impl Res 2000; 11:44-50
  • Heintze SD, Forjanic M. Surface roughness of different dental materials before and after simulated toothbrushing in vitro. Oper Dent 2005; 30:617-26.
  • Moraes RR, Ribeiro Ddos S, Klumb MM, Brandt WC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Bueno M. In vitro toothbrushing abrasion of dental resin composites: packable, microhybrid, nanohybrid and microfilled materials. Braz Oral Res 2008 ;22:112-8
  • Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Endo T, Utterodt A, Hisamitsu H, Komatsu M. Resistance of nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:708-16.
  • Takahashi R, Jin J, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Surface characterization of current composites after toothbrush abrasion. Dent Mater J 2013;32:75-82.
  • Stein PS, Sullivan J, Haubenreich JE, Osborne PB. (2005). Composite resin in medicine and dentistry. JLong Term Eff Med Implants 2005;15:641-54.
  • Neme AL, Frazier KB, Roeder LB, Debner TL. Effect of prophylactic polishing protocols on the surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent 2002; 27:50–8.
  • Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA. Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006; 18:102-8.
  • Okada K, Tosaki S, Hirota K, Hume WR. Surface hardness change of restorative filling materials stored in saliva. Dent Mater 2001;17: 34-9.
  • Sarı ME, Koyuturk AE, Çankaya S. Günlük tüketilen yiyecek materyallerinin yüzey sertlı ği ve pürüzlülüğüne etkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2010 ;20:153-61
  • Yeşilyurt C, Sevilmiş HH, Kulacaoğlu N, Bulucu B, Taşdemir polimerizasyonunda etkinliğinin incelenmesi. E Ü Dişhek Fak Derg 2006; 27:25-30. Rezin kompozitlerin kaynaklarının ışık
  • Anfe T, Caneppele TMF, Agra CM, Vieira GF. Microhardness assessment of different commercial brands of resin composites with different degrees of translucence. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22:358-63.
  • Okte Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006; 31:623-8.
  • Park SH, Krejci I, Lutz F. Microhardness of resin composites polymerized by plasma arc or conventional visible light curing. Oper Dent 2002; 27:30-7.
  • Polydorou O, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. The effect of different bleaching agents on the surface texture of restorative materials. 2006; 31:473-80.
  • Uçtaşli MB, Bala O, Güllü A. Surface roughness of flowable and packable composite resin materials after finishing with abrasive discs. J Oral Rehabil 2004, 31:1197-202.
  • Polydorou O, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. The effect of at-home bleaching on microhardness of six esthetic restorative materials. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138;978-84.
  • Polydorou O, Moenting JS, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. Effect of inoffice tooth bleaching on the microhardness of six dental esthetic restorative materials. Dent Mater 2007; 23:153-8.
  • Müjdeci A. Yeni ağartıcı ajanların (paint-on) çeşitli restoratif materyallerin yüzey sertlikleri üzerine etkileri. A Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg 2005 ; 32 : 9-17.

FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ

Year 2014, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 22 - 32, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.27222

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diş fırçası ve beyazlatıcı etkili dişmacunları ile fırçalama sonrası dört farklı kompozitin (hibrid, nanohibrid, nanofil ve siloran yapıda) yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve mikro sertliğinin in vitro incelenmesidir. 

Gereç ve Yöntem: 80 adet örnek; Kontrol, Colgate Hareketli Beyazlatıcı Diş fırçası (CWT), Opalescence Beyazlatıcı Diş Macunu (OWT) ve Beyond Pearl White Diş Macunu (BPW) olmak üzere 4 ana gruba ayrıldı (n=20). Kontrol grubundaki örnekler 2 hafta boyunca distile suda bekletildi. Deney gruplarında ise; CWT ile sadece distile su ile fırçalama yapılırken; OWT ve de BPW dişmacunları ile ise günde 2 dakikadan 14 gün boyunca fırçalama yapıldı. 14 gün sonra yüzey pürüzlülüğü değeri (Sa) temassız üç boyutlu lazer profilometresi ile değerlendirilirken; yüzey sertlik değerleri Vickers testi ile ölçüldü. SEM incelemesi, x750 büyütmede yapıldı. İstatistiksel olarak Kruskal Wallis, post Hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison, Mann Whitney U testleri grupların karşılaştırılmasında kullanıldı. İstatistiksel değerlendirme p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyinde yapıldı.

Bulgular: CWT ile fırçalama sonrası; hibrid ve nano- filin yüzey pürüzlülüğü anlamlı derecede artarken (p<0,05); mikro sertlik değerleri etkilenmemiştir (p≥0,05). Hibrid kompozit, BPW ile fırçalama sonrası en pürüzlü yüzeye sahip olmuştur (32,62±6,17). SEM incelemesinde fırçalama sonrasında hiçbir grupta yapısal değişikliliğe rastlanmamıştır.

Sonuç: Mikrohibrit tipte kompozitlerde organik yapının metakrilat ya da siloran olması sertlikteki ve pürüzlü- lükteki değişimler açısından anlamlı fark oluşturma- mıştır. Nano kompozitlerin fırçalama ve beyazlatıcı etkili dişmacunları ile fırçalama sonrası yüzeylerindeki değişimler anlamlı farklılık oluşturmamıştır.

References

  • Hossain A, Okawa S, Miyakawa O. Effect of toothbrushing on titanium surface: an approach to understanding surface properties of brushed titanium. Dent Mater 2006; 22:346-52.
  • Abouelatta OB, AA Abdel-Samad and AA Sakrana. Wear and surface roughness of current veneered materials after toothbrush/ dentifrice abrasion. J. Mater. Process. Technol 2005, 168: 431-7.
  • Sharif N, MacDonald E, Hughes J, Newcombe RG, Addy M. The chemical stain removal properties of 'whitening' toothpaste products: studies in vitro. Br Dent J 2000; 10:620-4.
  • Worschech CC, Rodrigues JA, Martins LR, Ambrosano GM. Brushing effect of abrasive dentifrices during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel surface roughness. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006; 15:25-34.
  • Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA .Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006; 18:102-8.
  • Maldupa I, Brinkmane A, Rendeniece I, Mihailova A. Evidence based toothpaste classification, according to certain characteristics of their chemical composition. Stomatologija. 2012;14:12- 22.
  • Joiner A Whitening toothpastes: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e17-24.
  • Camargo IM, Saiki M, Vasconcellos MB, Avila DM. (2001). Abrasiveness evaluation of silica and calcium carbonate used in the production of dentifrices. J Cosmet Sci 2001; 52:163-7.
  • Liljeborg A, Tellefsen G, Johannsen G. The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity. Int J Dent Hygiene 2010; 8:237–243.
  • Lewis R, Dwyer-Joyce RS, Pickles MJ. Interaction between toothbrushes and toothpaste abrasive particles in simulated tooth cleaning. Wear 2004; 257:368-76.
  • Heintze SD, Forjanic M, Ohmiti K, Rousson V. Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load. Dent Mater 2010; 26:306-19.
  • Lea SC, Khan A, Patanwala HS, Landini G, Walmsley AD. The effects of load and toothpaste on powered toothbrush vibrations. J Dent 2007; 35:350-4.
  • Neme AL, Frazier KB, Roeder LB, Debner TL. Effect of prophylactic polishing protocols on the surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent 2002; 27:50–8.
  • Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M.Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997; 13:258-69.
  • Dabanoğlu A . Nano kompozitler. T.D.B. Dişhek Klin Derg 2004; 17:20-5.
  • Mitra SB, Wu D, Holmes BN. An application of nanotechnology in advanced dental materials. J Am Dent. Assoc 2003; 134:1382-90.
  • Terry DA. Applications of nanotechnology. Pract Proced Aesthet Dent 2004; 16: 220-2.
  • Ure D, Harris J. Nanotechnology in dentistry: reduction to practice. Dent Update 2003; 30:10-5.
  • . Chen MH. Update on dental nanocomposites J Dent Res. 2010; 89:549-60.
  • Malhotra N, Kundabala M, Shashirashmi A. Strategies to overcome polymerization shrinkage-- materials and techniques. A review. Dent. Update. 2010; 37:115-8
  • Buergers R, Schneider-Brachert W, Hahnel S, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Streptococcal adhesion to novel low-shrink silorane-based restorative. Dent Mater 2009; 25:269-75.
  • Duarte S Jr, Botta AC, Phark JH, Sadan A. Selected mechanical and physical properties and clinical application of a new low-shrinkage composite restoration. Quintessence Int 2009; 40:631-8.
  • Eick JD, Kotha SP, Chappelow CC, Kilway KV, Giese GJ, Glaros AG, Pinzino CS. Properties of silorane- based dental resins and composites containing a stress-reducing monomer. Dent Mater 2007; 23:1011-7.
  • Furuse AY, Gordon K, Rodrigues FP, Silikas N, Watts DC. Colour-stability and gloss retention of silorane and dimethacrylate composites with accelerated aging. J Dent 2008; 36:945-52.
  • Ilie N, Hickel R. Macro-, micro- and nano- mechanical investigations on silorane and methacrylate-based composites. Dent Mater 2009; 25:810-9.
  • Teixeira EC, Thompson JL, Piascik JR, Thompson JY. In vitro toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of two restorative composites. J Esthet Restor Dent 2005; 17:172-80.
  • Pamir T, Korkut ZO, Tezel H, Köse T, Özataş F. Aşıındırıcılık Derceleri Farklı Beyazlatıclı Diş Macunlarının Kompozit Rezinlerin Yüzey Pürüzlü- lüğü Ve Mikrosertliğin Etkilerinin İncelenmesi. GÜ Diş Hek Fak Derg 2007; 24: 89-95.
  • Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006; 31:39-46.
  • Joniot SB, Gregoire GL, Auther AM, Roques YM. Three-Dimensional optical profilometry analysis of surface states obtained after finishing sequences for three composite resins. Oper Dent 2000; 25:311-5.
  • Yazici AR, Müftü A, Kugel G. Three Dimensional Surface Profile Analysis of Different Types of Flowable Restorative Resins Following Different finishing Protocols. J Contemp Dent Pra 2007; 8:1- 17.
  • Liljeborg A, Tellefsen G, Johannsen G. The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity. Int J Dent Hygiene 2010; 8:237–43.
  • Sawase T, Wennerberg A, Hallgren C, Albrektsson T, Baba K. Chemical and Topographical Surface Analysis of Five Different Implant Abutments. Clin Oral Impl Res 2000; 11:44-50
  • Heintze SD, Forjanic M. Surface roughness of different dental materials before and after simulated toothbrushing in vitro. Oper Dent 2005; 30:617-26.
  • Moraes RR, Ribeiro Ddos S, Klumb MM, Brandt WC, Correr-Sobrinho L, Bueno M. In vitro toothbrushing abrasion of dental resin composites: packable, microhybrid, nanohybrid and microfilled materials. Braz Oral Res 2008 ;22:112-8
  • Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Endo T, Utterodt A, Hisamitsu H, Komatsu M. Resistance of nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:708-16.
  • Takahashi R, Jin J, Nikaido T, Tagami J, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH. Surface characterization of current composites after toothbrush abrasion. Dent Mater J 2013;32:75-82.
  • Stein PS, Sullivan J, Haubenreich JE, Osborne PB. (2005). Composite resin in medicine and dentistry. JLong Term Eff Med Implants 2005;15:641-54.
  • Neme AL, Frazier KB, Roeder LB, Debner TL. Effect of prophylactic polishing protocols on the surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent 2002; 27:50–8.
  • Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA. Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent 2006; 18:102-8.
  • Okada K, Tosaki S, Hirota K, Hume WR. Surface hardness change of restorative filling materials stored in saliva. Dent Mater 2001;17: 34-9.
  • Sarı ME, Koyuturk AE, Çankaya S. Günlük tüketilen yiyecek materyallerinin yüzey sertlı ği ve pürüzlülüğüne etkisi. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2010 ;20:153-61
  • Yeşilyurt C, Sevilmiş HH, Kulacaoğlu N, Bulucu B, Taşdemir polimerizasyonunda etkinliğinin incelenmesi. E Ü Dişhek Fak Derg 2006; 27:25-30. Rezin kompozitlerin kaynaklarının ışık
  • Anfe T, Caneppele TMF, Agra CM, Vieira GF. Microhardness assessment of different commercial brands of resin composites with different degrees of translucence. Braz Oral Res 2008; 22:358-63.
  • Okte Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006; 31:623-8.
  • Park SH, Krejci I, Lutz F. Microhardness of resin composites polymerized by plasma arc or conventional visible light curing. Oper Dent 2002; 27:30-7.
  • Polydorou O, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. The effect of different bleaching agents on the surface texture of restorative materials. 2006; 31:473-80.
  • Uçtaşli MB, Bala O, Güllü A. Surface roughness of flowable and packable composite resin materials after finishing with abrasive discs. J Oral Rehabil 2004, 31:1197-202.
  • Polydorou O, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. The effect of at-home bleaching on microhardness of six esthetic restorative materials. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138;978-84.
  • Polydorou O, Moenting JS, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. Effect of inoffice tooth bleaching on the microhardness of six dental esthetic restorative materials. Dent Mater 2007; 23:153-8.
  • Müjdeci A. Yeni ağartıcı ajanların (paint-on) çeşitli restoratif materyallerin yüzey sertlikleri üzerine etkileri. A Ü Diş Hek Fak Derg 2005 ; 32 : 9-17.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pınar Atalı

Mustafa Öksüz This is me

Faik Topbaşı This is me

Publication Date February 11, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Atalı, P., Öksüz, M., & Topbaşı, F. (2015). FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.27222
AMA Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. February 2015;24(1):22-32. doi:10.17567/dfd.27222
Chicago Atalı, Pınar, Mustafa Öksüz, and Faik Topbaşı. “FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no. 1 (February 2015): 22-32. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.27222.
EndNote Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F (February 1, 2015) FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24 1 22–32.
IEEE P. Atalı, M. Öksüz, and F. Topbaşı, “FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 22–32, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.27222.
ISNAD Atalı, Pınar et al. “FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24/1 (February 2015), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.27222.
JAMA Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24:22–32.
MLA Atalı, Pınar et al. “FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1, 2015, pp. 22-32, doi:10.17567/dfd.27222.
Vancouver Atalı P, Öksüz M, Topbaşı F. FIRÇALAMANIN VE BEYAZLATICILI DİŞ MACUNLARIN KOMPOZİTLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(1):22-3.

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