Classification Of Post COVID-19 Pulmonary Findings Evaluated By Computed Tomography

Murathan Köksal; Mehmet Kutlu; Mutlu Gülbay

doi:10.5505/achmedj.2023.25733

Research Article

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 243 - 250, 02.10.2023

Murathan Köksal Mehmet Kutlu Mutlu Gülbay

https://doi.org/10.5505/achmedj.2023.25733

Abstract

References

1. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 is suspected Interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected. Published March 13, 2020. Accessed January 28, 2023.
2. Aslan A, Aslan C, Zolbanin NM, Jafari R. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management. Pneumonia. 2021;13:14. doi: 10.1186/s41479-021-00110-9.
3. Cherrez-Ojeda I, Cortés-Telles A, Gochicoa-Rangel L, et al. Challenges in the management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis for the Latin American population. J Pers Med. 2022;12(9):1393. doi: 10.3390/jpm12091393.
4. Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(5):657-666. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.007.
5. Amin BJH, Kakamad FH, Ahmed GS, et al. Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study. Ann Med Surg. 2022;77:103194. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103194.
6. Mahase E. COVID-19: what do we know about “long COVID”? BMJ. 2020;370:m2815. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2815.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Updated December 7, 2021. Accessed January 28, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html.
8. Kanne JP, Little BP, Schulte JJ, Haramati A, Haramati LB. Long-term lung abnormalities associated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiology. 2022;221(2):221806. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2022221806.
9. Merza MY, Hwaiz RA, Hamad BK, et al. Analysis of cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 patients in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. PLoS One. 2021;16(6):e0250330. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250330.
10. Damiani S, Fiorentino M, De Palma A, et al. Pathological post-mortem findings in lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Pathol. 2021;253(1):31-40. doi: 10.1002/path.5585.
11. Funk GC, Nell C, Pokieser W, Thaler B, Rainer G, Valipour A. Organizing pneumonia following COVID19 pneumonia. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(17-18):979-982. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01852-9.
12. Hall DJ, Schulte JJ, Lewis EE, Bommareddi SR, Rohrer CT, Sultan S, et al. Successful Lung Transplantation for Severe Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;114(1):e17-e19. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.004.
13. Konopka KE, Perry W, Huang T, Farver CF, Myers JL. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia is the Most Common Finding in Surgical Lung Biopsies from Patients with Persistent Interstitial Lung Disease Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;4(2):100672. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101209.
14. Beasley MB. The pathologist's approach to acute lung injury. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(5):719-727. doi: 10.5858/134.5.719.
15. Fernández-Plata R, Higuera-Iglesias AL, Torres-Espíndola LM, et al. Risk of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Persistent Symptoms Post-COVID-19 in a Cohort of Outpatient Health Workers. Viruses. 2022 Aug 23;14(9):1843. https/doi.org/10.3390/v14091843.
16. Buendia-Roldan I, Valenzuela C, Selman M. Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Time of COVID-19. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022 Apr;58 Suppl 1:6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.007. Epub 2022 Apr 15.
17. Mongelli A, Barbi B, Gottardi M, Atlante S, Forleo L, Nesta M, et al. Evidence for biological age acceleration and telomere shortening in COVID-19 survivors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(12):6151. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126151.
18. Besutti G, Monelli F, Schirò S, Milone F, et al. Follow-Up CT Patterns of Residual Lung Abnormalities in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Tomography. 2022 Jun;8(3):1184-1195. doi: 10.18383/j.tom.2022.00053.
19. Bocchino M, Lieto R, Romano F, Sica G, et al. Chest CT-based Assessment of 1-year Outcomes after Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2022 Nov;305(2):479-485. doi: 10.1148/radiol.220019. Epub 2022 May 10.
20. Stylemans D, Smet J, Hanon S, Schuermans D, Ilsen B, Vandemeulebroucke J, Vanderhelst E, Verbanck S. Evolution of lung function and chest CT 6 months after COVID-19 pneumonia: Real-life data from a Belgian University Hospital. Respir Med. 2021;182:106421. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106421.
21. Watanabe A, So M, Iwagami M, Fukunaga K, Takagi H, Kabata H, et al. One-year follow-up CT findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2022. doi: 10.1111/resp.14311. Epub ahead of print. PubMed PMID: 35694728.

Classification Of Post COVID-19 Pulmonary Findings Evaluated By Computed Tomography

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 243 - 250, 02.10.2023

Murathan Köksal Mehmet Kutlu Mutlu Gülbay

https://doi.org/10.5505/achmedj.2023.25733

Abstract

Introductıon: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have residual Computed Tomography (CT) findings in the lungs due to lingering symptoms for weeks after infection. Given the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to recognize and classify these findings. The aims of study is to identify and classify patients post COVID-19 chest CT findings according to a pattern.
Methods: : We examined 74 patients over the age of 18 who tested positive for COVID-19 using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and underwent multiple chest CT scans at intervals after their first diagnosis. Patients were classified as having non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), possible usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), organizing pneumonia (OP), or no distinctive pattern. We also evaluated demographic data of the patients.
Results: A total of 74 patients were included in the study, with 57 (77%) males and 17 (23%) females. The median age of the participants was 64 years. Of these, 47 (63.5%) had NSIP, 6 (8.1%) had possible UIP, 3 (4.1%) had OP pattern, and 18 (24.3%) patients had no distinctive pattern.
Conclusion: Studies using control chest CT examinations 3-12 months after COVID-19 infection have shown residual lung findings at varying rates. In our study, most patients exhibited NSIP pattern, with fewer OP and possible UIP pattern findings. One fourth of the patients had no distinctive pattern.

Keywords

Post COVID-19, Lung fibrosis, Computed tomography, Interstitial pneumonia

References

1. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 is suspected Interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected. Published March 13, 2020. Accessed January 28, 2023.
2. Aslan A, Aslan C, Zolbanin NM, Jafari R. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19: possible mechanisms and therapeutic management. Pneumonia. 2021;13:14. doi: 10.1186/s41479-021-00110-9.
3. Cherrez-Ojeda I, Cortés-Telles A, Gochicoa-Rangel L, et al. Challenges in the management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis for the Latin American population. J Pers Med. 2022;12(9):1393. doi: 10.3390/jpm12091393.
4. Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA, et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(5):657-666. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.007.
5. Amin BJH, Kakamad FH, Ahmed GS, et al. Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study. Ann Med Surg. 2022;77:103194. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103194.
6. Mahase E. COVID-19: what do we know about “long COVID”? BMJ. 2020;370:m2815. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2815.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Updated December 7, 2021. Accessed January 28, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html.
8. Kanne JP, Little BP, Schulte JJ, Haramati A, Haramati LB. Long-term lung abnormalities associated with COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiology. 2022;221(2):221806. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2022221806.
9. Merza MY, Hwaiz RA, Hamad BK, et al. Analysis of cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 patients in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. PLoS One. 2021;16(6):e0250330. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250330.
10. Damiani S, Fiorentino M, De Palma A, et al. Pathological post-mortem findings in lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Pathol. 2021;253(1):31-40. doi: 10.1002/path.5585.
11. Funk GC, Nell C, Pokieser W, Thaler B, Rainer G, Valipour A. Organizing pneumonia following COVID19 pneumonia. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(17-18):979-982. doi: 10.1007/s00508-021-01852-9.
12. Hall DJ, Schulte JJ, Lewis EE, Bommareddi SR, Rohrer CT, Sultan S, et al. Successful Lung Transplantation for Severe Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;114(1):e17-e19. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.004.
13. Konopka KE, Perry W, Huang T, Farver CF, Myers JL. Usual Interstitial Pneumonia is the Most Common Finding in Surgical Lung Biopsies from Patients with Persistent Interstitial Lung Disease Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;4(2):100672. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101209.
14. Beasley MB. The pathologist's approach to acute lung injury. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(5):719-727. doi: 10.5858/134.5.719.
15. Fernández-Plata R, Higuera-Iglesias AL, Torres-Espíndola LM, et al. Risk of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Persistent Symptoms Post-COVID-19 in a Cohort of Outpatient Health Workers. Viruses. 2022 Aug 23;14(9):1843. https/doi.org/10.3390/v14091843.
16. Buendia-Roldan I, Valenzuela C, Selman M. Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Time of COVID-19. Arch Bronconeumol. 2022 Apr;58 Suppl 1:6-7. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.007. Epub 2022 Apr 15.
17. Mongelli A, Barbi B, Gottardi M, Atlante S, Forleo L, Nesta M, et al. Evidence for biological age acceleration and telomere shortening in COVID-19 survivors. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(12):6151. doi: 10.3390/ijms22126151.
18. Besutti G, Monelli F, Schirò S, Milone F, et al. Follow-Up CT Patterns of Residual Lung Abnormalities in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Tomography. 2022 Jun;8(3):1184-1195. doi: 10.18383/j.tom.2022.00053.
19. Bocchino M, Lieto R, Romano F, Sica G, et al. Chest CT-based Assessment of 1-year Outcomes after Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiology. 2022 Nov;305(2):479-485. doi: 10.1148/radiol.220019. Epub 2022 May 10.
20. Stylemans D, Smet J, Hanon S, Schuermans D, Ilsen B, Vandemeulebroucke J, Vanderhelst E, Verbanck S. Evolution of lung function and chest CT 6 months after COVID-19 pneumonia: Real-life data from a Belgian University Hospital. Respir Med. 2021;182:106421. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106421.
21. Watanabe A, So M, Iwagami M, Fukunaga K, Takagi H, Kabata H, et al. One-year follow-up CT findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology. 2022. doi: 10.1111/resp.14311. Epub ahead of print. PubMed PMID: 35694728.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (Other)
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Murathan Köksal 0000-0002-5936-2925 Mehmet Kutlu 0000-0002-5922-0169 Mutlu Gülbay 0000-0001-5921-1652
Publication Date	October 2, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

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EndNote	Köksal M, Kutlu M, Gülbay M (October 1, 2023) Classification Of Post COVID-19 Pulmonary Findings Evaluated By Computed Tomography. ACH Medical Journal 2 4 243–250.

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